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Okay? So when you say that what you're doing is scientific in a context of this sort, you are making yourself vulnerable.
对吧？，所以在这种情况下你说自己所做的是科学的时,你就使自己站不住脚了。
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so that's great that a lot of people have enough time to be in something that's not math or science related.
很多人投入了时间，来做与数学或科学无关的事情，这真的太好了。
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So the enrollment numbers are in and we thought we would share some statistics, as we like to do in this course; being computer scientists, we tend to gather lots of data.
登记加入我们的人数在这里,并且我们觉得我们能分享一些统计资料，我们在这次课程中也喜欢这么做，作为计算机科学家，我们要收集很多数据。
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But, I think what most of you, actually having MIT come to MIT, have probably realized is sometimes it's nice to major in a science, because you can't just pick up a reaction and do it in your kitchen on the weekend, where as you can sometimes join a book group and do that.
但我认为对你们大多数人来说,既然来了,可能已经意识到最好是主修一门科学,因为你不能在你,周末的时候在厨房里做化学实验,然后你就可以参加一个读书俱乐部。
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Do they still teach the scientific method in high school? Yes, alright good.
好不错，美国教育系统一样也没少,那么科学方法学教会我们该怎么做呢？
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That's--if this were a scientific study, I would be instructing you to do that so you wouldn't forget anything by the end of the day.
如果进行科学研究,我就会指导你们去做这个,最后你们就不会忘记任何东西
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What I want to do now is focus on the scientific foundation of this claim.
现在我要做的,是专注于这个主张的科学基础。
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I have to warn you this third and final movie is an example of why this research is not currently done, but it illustrates an important scientific point.
我必须警告你们第三,和最后的影片是一个例子,关于为什么这个研究现在没有做，但它描述了重要的科学观点。
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Last time, I invited you to think about life on the experience machine, where the scientists are busy stimulating your brain in such a way as to give you an exact replica, from the insides of what it would be like having identical experiences to the ones you would have if you were really doing-- well, whatever it is that's worth doing.
上节课，我要你们思考,体验机里的生活，科学家们用它刺激你的大脑,给你一份完美的体验复制品，从体验相同的经历,到体验在现实生活中-,值得做的事情。
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The other thing about it is that you could make lots of things that are new but generally you think of engineers as making things that are not just new but they're useful, that they do something that needs to be done, and that they do something that improves life, the quality of life of people.
另一个区别是,科学家会做很多很多新鲜玩意儿,而一般来讲,工程师做的东西不只是新奇,它们还很有用,他们做那些需要做的东西,他们做的东西能够提高,人类的生活水平和生活质量
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He knew things that I don't know, he has a genius for formulating theories, and helping people make discoveries, that I can't do in science.
他知道我所不知道的事情，他是创造理论的天才，帮助别人做探究，这些我在科学领域做不到。
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McKinsey and Hamilton have both been participants Of this projects. And what we've been trying to do is Isolate a few key areas that make sense for MIT doing Explore extensively. Now some of the challenges first Are that the technologies advance quickly.
包括McKinsey和Hamilton都是参与者,我们试图区分出一些关键领域,而不是让麻省理工做广泛的探索,现在的一些挑战在于,科学技术瞬息万变。
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And once he did that, both he and many other scientists, could then, once they understood what caused the fluorescence, make little changes to the actual protein, and tune what the properties of that fluorescent protein were.
而且一旦他做成了这个，一旦他们弄清楚了是什么导致萤光，他和其它很多科学家，就可以对蛋白质做微小的改变，调节蛋白质的荧光性质。
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And if you have your calculator all set up as you love and you don't want to change it, then maybe you should just go and get an $8.00 scientific calculator that doesn't have any of the graphing functions, because you don't actually need them, so that's a better option for you, you can do that as well.
如果你的计算器里已经按照你的喜好编好了,而你又不想改动，那么或许你可以,去再买一个八美元的科学计算器,它没有任何绘图功能，因为实际上你也用不到这些，所以这对你来说是一个更好的选择，你也可以这样做。
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Well what can you do? Well you can promise miracles, there's very little control over these sorts of things, you can distort the science, you can lie about what you do and nobody will come after you.
那么你会做什么呢,你可以承诺奇迹,这很难给予控制,你可以歪曲科学,你可以说谎,隐瞒你的作为,也没有人会找你麻烦
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What must this experiment have the potential to do, to be a valid scientific experiment?
实验必须有做什么的能力,才能被称为一个有效的科学实验呢？
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We now know what the scientific basis of that is, it involves activation of our immune system.
我们都知道这样做的科学依据,这牵涉到激活你的免疫系统
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But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.
但如果你要这样去做，你就必须将惩罚，奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。
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And Jenner, because he was a trained physician, because he knew something about the scientific method, did something that these more ancient healers had not done in the past, was that he wrote down what he did.
而詹纳,因为他是个受过训练的医生,懂得一些科学方法,他做了那些古老的医生们没有做的事,就是记录了自己的所作所为
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So, what I want to do is, I want to discuss the scientific notion of language, at first restricting myself to systems like English and Dutch and American sign language and Navajo and so on.
因此,我想做的是,我想来谈谈语言的科学定义,首先我会将自己限定在,诸如英语,荷兰语,美国手语,或迪瓦霍语等语言系统之下
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There's a whole lot of research and this is research, some of which takes place outside psychology departments and in engineering departments and computer science departments, trying to figure out how a computer can do the same things brains can do.
已经存在大量的研究,这其中有些并非是心理学研究人员所做,而是由工程学,以及计算机科学的研究人员所完成的,这些研究试图去探索,计算机究竟如何才能像大脑那样去运行
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So, if you were to lose half your brain, the other half can actually do a lot but some things are more prevalent and more powerful in one part of the brain than the other And I want to show you a brief film clip from "Scientific American" that illustrates the differences between the hemispheres, but before doing that,I want to provide some introductory facts.
如果你失去了半个大脑,另外一半其实也可以完成很多功能,但是某些功能是存在单侧化优势的,我给你们播放一段短片,来自于《科学美国人》,它解释了大脑两半球的功能差异,但在此之前,我想先做一些介绍
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What the mad scientist did,in effect was wipe out the hard drive, put in the other programs from the Shelly Kagan computer, but it's still the very same computer.
疯狂科学家所做的实际上是,清理硬盘，输入来自Shelly，Kagan电脑的其他程式，但电脑还是那台电脑。
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These were very young scientists, of course, so what you would expect that they would do, which makes sense, is go to someone more established in their field, because they have the completely radical revolutionary idea, let's just run it by someone before we go ahead and publish this paper that makes this huge statement about this fourth quantum number.
他们是非常年轻的科学家，所以你们可以想象他们会怎么做，很自然的，他们去请教他们领域里更权威的人，因为他们的概念是彻底的革命性的，让我们在发表这个关于,第四个量子数的巨大的发现之前,先和别人讨论一下。
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And the reason I was able to do that and keep with what my original intentions were was to have a career that was the fulfilling, in terms of helping people and being engaged in science, is all of a sudden I realized, as chemists, we can think about better ways to build molecules that are important for making medications.
我能够这么做,并且能不和我原来的打算冲突,是因为我的职业很有意义，能帮助他人，又和科学相关,于是突然我意思到，作为一个化学家,我们可以思考出更好的办法,制造出在制药方面十分有用的分子。
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