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One of the greatest of these writers was James Henry Hammond, a South Carolina planter who had plenty of mixed-race children.
其中最著名的一位是詹姆斯·亨利·哈蒙德,他是南卡罗莱纳州种植园主,膝下有众多混种子女
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So yes, I present kind of tips and tricks of how to grow your flowers, how to grow your foods.
我提供关于如何种花、如何种植食物方面的建议和窍门。
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But it was essentially a set of values, and it was a deeply rooted set of values in the planters' worldview.
说到底那是一种价值观,深深植根于,种植园主的世界观里
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To some, some planting of food, although not a lot, but also dealing with food in different ways.
有些人开始种植粮食,尽管这样的人并不多,还有了很多处理食物的方法
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They would've had all kinds of subordinate officials taking care of that.
正常情况下应该由下级官员来,管理这些种植园
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People need to start growing their own food and learning how to cook again.
人们需要开始种植自己的食物，然后学会怎样将其烹饪。
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So they're encouraging in England for people to grow their own vegetables and fruit,
他们鼓励在英格兰的人种植自己的蔬菜和水果，
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So it was a major change in human evolution where people started raising animals in large groups or started growing plants in large amounts.
这在人来演化史上是个巨大的变革,人类开始大规模饲养动物,或是大量种植农作物
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And he was sold for $1000.00 to an Alabama cotton planter who came up to Richmond twice a year to buy slaves.
他被以一千美元的价格卖给了一个每年两次,来里士满收购奴隶的亚拉巴马棉花种植主
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We now know, if we know anything about the Old South, the average American planter, the average American slaveholder, small ones and big ones, were raging capitalists.
如果我们对内战前的南方有所了解,就知道几乎每个种植园主,每个奴隶主,无论资产多少,都是精明的资本家
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It's okay, 'cuz them planters, they were raging capitalists just waitin' for you.
好吧,全都是因为这些种植园主,这些精明的资本家就等着你
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Jefferson Davis is, in fact, a classic example of the cotton boom planter.
实际上,杰斐逊·戴维斯,是棉花种植者暴富的典型例子
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That was the planful growing of food and the domestication of animals.
即有计划地种植食物和饲养动物
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I don't mean they dig in the ground, but they supervise it; they think about it. They are like people who are in charge of a plantation, their own plantation,I mean.
他们亲自开垦土地,但是他们亲自监督,他们出谋划策,他们就像是,自己种植园的负责人
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But one of the fascinating things about Charles Colcott Jones born in the late eighteenth century, rises to adulthood by the teens,1820s is he's a classic example of a highly educated Southern planter.
但查尔斯.考克特.琼斯最有意思的事情是,他生在十八世纪末期,在十八世纪二十年代成年,他是位受过高等教育的南方种植者的代表
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He's going to ameliorate their conditions, he's going to make their slavery on his plantations so effective, so good, such a even joyous form of labor, that he will be doing God's work by improving slavery.
他会改善奴隶们的生活条件,他会让自己种植园的奴隶们,提高工作效率,优化管理模式,奴隶甚至是一种令人享受的工作,他会按照上帝的旨意提升奴隶的生活水平
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Several large animal species had disappeared so people had to find other animals and so this changed from going to find animals to domesticating animals, and shift from collection of plants to production of plants.
很多大型动物物种已经灭绝了,人类不得不去寻找其他动物,因此这也就完成了从狩猎到驯养的转变,从采集到种植的飞跃
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The food was raised locally.
食物都在当地种植
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I mean, you should not imagine when I say slaves--just take out of your mind the plantations of the old South, because when you only have one or two slaves, the master is working right alongside them, doing exactly the same work that they are doing, and also instructing them and telling them what's what.
我的意思是,当我们提到奴隶的时候,大家不要想当然地联想到南部种植园,因为当你只有一两个奴隶时,奴隶主必须要和奴隶一起劳作,做着和奴隶一样的农活,并且不断告诉他们要做什么
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There's one by an English traveler, he entitled it, "A Georgia Planter's Method of Spending Time."
其中有一个是英国游客写的,题目叫,《一位格鲁吉亚种植园主的消磨时间法》
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Once it became true that people could raise food or gather food, or produce food for more than just themselves or their families, meant that people were free to do other things.
这些成为现实之后,人类不仅仅能为他们自己或家人,种植,收集或制造食物,也就是说人们可以有空来做别的事情
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Hard to believe today, but Sicily was one of the major granaries of the Mediterranean world at that time, tremendously fruitful, able to grow the best possible crops, very good wheat and so on.
在今天很难想象,但西西里是当时地中海地区,最主要的粮仓之一,产物丰盛,能够种植最好的谷物,上乘的小麦等等
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But his older brother, Joseph, went out to Mississippi and struck it rich in cotton.
但他的哥哥约瑟夫,去了密西西比并且依靠棉花种植致富
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And 72 hours by train he found himself on a huge cotton plantation, near Pickensville, Alabama, on the in west central Alabama, on the Mississippi border, at 14-years-old.
在搭乘了七十二小时的火车后,他发现自己身处亚拉巴马的皮肯斯维尔附近,一个巨大的棉花种植园中,在亚拉巴马西部的中心,密西西比的边界,那年他仅仅十四岁
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Okay. Then you can look at how many things like cows are raised in the United States, and how many acres there are of carrots, or wheat, or corn, or whatever it is.
好了,然后就可以看看,比如,美国养了多少头牛,种植了多少英亩的胡萝卜,小麦,玉米,或其他东西
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One of the most famous and one of the most prolific was a man named Charles Colcott Jones who owned a huge rice and partly cotton plantation system in low-country Georgia, just south of Savannah.
其中一位著名的多产农场主名叫,查尔斯·考克特·琼斯,他在乔治亚的低地,拥有大片的良田和一部分棉花种植园,就在乔治亚州东南部一城市
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Now, for a long time in American scholarship and in American classrooms one of the deep mythologies about this whole story of the era of the American Civil War in the Old South is that the Old South's plantation economy was dying out.
在很长的一段时间中,美国学术界和美国课堂,对于这个时代内战前的南方历史,存有一个疑点,就是当时南方的种植园经济正在逐渐衰退
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You can see in the New World with maize being important how America has become a corn dominated society, even though it's still true that we raise wheat, we raise other things in the United States, and we can import different foods, corn has become an incredibly important constituent of the diet in the U.S.
你能发现玉米在美洲大陆的重要性,那美洲是怎样变成主食玉米的社会的呢,尽管我们仍然种植小麦,在美国也种植其他粮食,而且我们能进口各种不同食物,但是玉米还是变成了,美国人食谱中不可代替的部分
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They want to know where it comes from, who grew it in some cases, how many miles it got transported, what was put on the food as it was being produced, what was given to the animals or injected into them as the beef was coming out, or the pork, or the chicken and these will be very interesting topics to discuss.
人们希望知道食物从何而来,由谁种植的,从多远的地方运过来,在加工过程中,在食物中添加了什么,人们看到牛肉,猪肉或鸡肉时,会想知道这些动物,都被注射了什么,这些话题讨论起来都会很有意思
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Because of the climate and because of certain things growing in different parts of the world--and by the way, I see some of you kind of struggling to keep up with some of the things I'm doing on the slides, but I'm hoping to make broad points here, and again, the slides will be posted on the website so don't worry so much if you're not able to get everything down.
因为气候以及其他的一些原因,在世界不同地方种植,顺便说一句,我发现某些人很费力地,记录我幻灯片里的一些内容,但是我这里只想介绍大体框架,而且课件会上传到网络上,因此不要担心不能记下所有内容
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