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So Klawans argues, and I quote, that "sacrifice involves in part the controlled exercise of complete power over an animal's life and death."
因此克洛文认为，“献祭在某种程度上是一种,掌握动物生死的权力象征“
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For a second he thought it was a skinned animal, and then he saw it was a woman."
他以为那是一种有皮的动物，后来才发现那是一个女人，“
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From this perspective, an animal is just the person's is just the gene's way of creating another animal.
从这个角度看，动物只是人类的,只是基因创造另一种动物的方式。
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It can come from animal sources and from vegetable sources, and the two have different impacts on health.
它可能来自动物,也可能来自植物,这两种对健康的影响各不相同
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One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.
其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因
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Aristotle's political science presupposes in other words a certain conception of human beings as linguistic animals who are capable not only of living together -so do a range of other species -but rather sharing in the arrangements of rule.
亚里士多德的政治科学,预设一种特定的概念,即人类是能言语的动物,我们不只能生活在一起,像其它很多动物一般,还能共享规范的安排。
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So as one reads the epic one senses this very deep ambivalence regarding the relative virtues and evils of civilized life and many of the features that make us human.
当人们读到这一段的时候，总是会对文明生活方式的利弊,产生一种很矛盾的感情,然而正是这些特性让人区别于动物。
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We have first of all, the whole offering or "burnt offering," it's sometimes called. This is when an animal is entirely burned to create, as the text says, a pleasant smelling odor or pleasant smelling smoke that ascends to God.
第一个，整祭品或者有时候被叫做“烧祭品“,动物被整个燃烧，散发一种，正如文章中所说的，一种令人愉悦的气味,或者一种令人愉快的烟雾，上升到上帝面前。
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And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.
通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。
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When monkeys get together to kill and eat somebody they make a kind of a laughing noise and chimpanzees laugh when they tickle each other.
猴子一起猎杀其他动物时,它们会发生出一种笑声,黑猩猩胳肢时也会笑。
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Imagine two genes, two sorts of animals each containing their own gene.
想象两个基因，两种动物各自含有自己的基因。
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So if you take an animal and you give it a new food and then you give it a drug to make it nauseous it will avoid that food.
所以，如果你给动物吃一种新食物,然后你喂它某种药物，让其感到恶心,它就会避免进食这种食物。
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And there are three properties of this diet that help promote overeating and obesity in laboratory animals.
而这种导致实验室动物,过度进食和肥胖的饮食具备三种特征
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A creature is required who is distinguished in certain ways from other animals.
是一种对之有所求的创造物,他在某些方面与其他动物不同。
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But if you take an animal and you give it a new food and then you shock it very painfully it won't avoid the new food.
但如果你给动物吃一种新食物,然后电击它，令其感到疼痛,它仍然会进食这种食物。
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You could do the same thing in mammals and here's one quick example of that, using a different kind of a vector, but inserting a gene into the fertilized egg of a mammal, in this case, a sheep.
你也能在哺乳动物上做到同样的效果,这里有另一个简短的例子,用了另一种载体,把一段基因注入哺乳动物的受精卵中,在这里我们用了绵羊
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From that standpoint, from that theoretical standpoint, comes a methodological approach which is, if they're all the same then you could study human learning by studying nonhuman animals.
从这个理论观点中，可以得出一种研究方法,即，如果人类与动物并无差别,那你就能通过研究非人类动物的学习过程,来研究人类的学习过程。
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