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This cation is attracting the chloride next to it and it is repelling the sodium as the next nearest neighbor.
这一阳离子被邻近的氯离子所吸引,并排斥钠离子,因为这是其最邻近的离子。
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I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中，失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
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So the last thing I want to mention today is how we can think about electron configurations for ions.
今天我想提到的最后一件事,就是我们怎样考虑离子的,电子构型。
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Because there are ions moving back and forth, there's a current that flows and there's a electrical potential that's generated.
由于离子的进进出出,就产生了电流流动,并且形成了电势差
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He said that the percent ionic character, and this is within a bond, not for a compound, for a covalent bond.
他提到离子百分数，是指一根键中，并非一个分子中。
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And, if you take all of these ideas, omnidirectional and unsaturated, it means that ions can keep glomming on.
如果你注意所有的想法，无方向性和不饱和性，意味着离子能够保持攫取状态。
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In an aqueous solution, he passes electric current and causes silver ions to deposit and form metallic silver.
在水溶液中，他接通电流，这得银离子,沉淀，并形成金属银。
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I can take you and immediately start designing batteries, because we need ions in motion, we need small ions in motion.
我可以从此让你快速起步设计电池，因为我们需要能运动的离子，我们需要能运动的小型离子。
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Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.
电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。
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Negative 1 plus 0 should add up to negative 1, if in fact, we're correct for the c n anion.
负一加上零应该等于负一，如果是这样，我们对于氰离子的结果就是正确的。
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So in the case of boron here, what we're starting with is the ion, and now we're going to pull one more electron out.
那么在硼的情况下，我们应该从这个离子开始，现在我们要再拿走一个电子。
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And then, if we have time at the end, we'll introduce one last topic, which is isoelectronic atoms and ions.
最后，如果有时间的话，我们将再介绍最后一个主题：,等电子原子与离子。
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So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.
因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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I think I had managed to get to this point here where I show what happens when the cation, here sodium, is in contact with the anion here, chlorine.
我想我能回到这儿,当阳离子，在这里是钠，和阴离子，氯离子接触会发生什么。
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So, selenium 2 minus is what's going to be isoelectronic, because if you add two electrons to selenium, you'll get the same electron configuration that you have for krypton here.
负二价的硒离子将是等电子的，因为如果你给硒原子加上两个电子，你会得到,和氪原子相同的电子排布。
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Not only did we figure out a way to describe how we quantify it, but we've also quantified how we tell the difference between covalent and ionic, and percent ionic character.
我们不仅想出了一个办法来描述,我们如何定量它，而且我们也定义,我们如何分辨共价性和离子性，以及离子百分数。
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And this is really interesting to think about because you can imagine in our body we have concentrations of all types of ions, and specifically, some seem very, very similar to each other.
这是非常令人感兴趣的,因为大家可以想象一下，在我们的体内我们有,一定浓度的任何类型的离子，而且特别地，其中有一些非常非常地相似。
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But look at the lattice energy, the Madelung energy component is huge which tells you that when ions form they really want to continue to glom onto one another and form that giant crystal.
看看晶格能，马德龙能很大,这告诉我们，当形成离子是,它们如果要继续的话,需要从另外一方夺取电子，形成巨大的晶体。
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Well, we would have to H+ have one of these hydrogen atoms go to an H plus, * plus an electron, right? **H --> H+ + e-** So, now we have a hydrogen ion here.
我们先要让,一个氢原子变成氢离子，加上一个电子，对么*,我们现在有一个氢离子了。
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And all ion channels are selective for a single type of ion, and we can think about how that selectivity takes place, and that's where this idea of atomic radius is going to become very important.
所有的离子通道都是仅对某一种离子具有选择性的，而我们可以来想一想这种选择性是如何发生的，这也就是原子半径这个概念将会变得，非常重要的地方。
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And, that's given by the balance between the attractive force of the ions offset by the repulsive force in the electronic shells.
而那是由,在离子的电子层之间的,引力和斥力相互抵消得到的。
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So, the sodium over here and the chlorine over here, they will be attracted to one another.
当钠离子和氯离子在一块时，它们会相互吸引。
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If instead we had a positive ion, a cation, what we would have to do is subtract 1.
如果我们有一个带正电的离子，一个正离子，那我们就需要再减去一个。
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The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子
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So now, let's get a sodium here, and the chloride ion next to it to the point where they are touching.
所以，我们要有一个钠离子，和氯离子放在,相互接触的一个点上。
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But, can you see that as you get really close together the negative electronic cloud surrounding the two ions start to sense one another.
然后当你真的让它们,离得很近时,这两个离子周围的负电子云能感应到对方。
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So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.
因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。
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And actually, a question that might come up, I just explained, the sodium channel, you might say, well, how do potassium channels work then, because I can understand how you can filter something big out, but how do you filter out something small.
实际上，可能大家会问一个问题，我刚解释过，钠离子通道，你可以说，好吧，那么钾离子通道该如何起作用呢，因为我可以理解你是如何把大东西过滤掉的，但是你如何把小东西过滤掉呢？
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Remember in the ion, we're going to have less electrons around to counteract the pull from the nucleus.
还记得在这个离子中，在原子核周围,抵消它吸引力的电子更少。
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