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Now why--and here is the question why do we get this nervousness about the relationship between what I know and how I know it arising at this moment?
问题是,为什么那时候我们对,我知道什么和我如何知道的关系如此神经紧张？
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These--Again, the chemicals could excite the other neuron bring up the chances it will fire, or inhibit the other neuron .
再强调一遍,这些化学物质可使另一个神经元变得兴奋,提高该神经元产生神经冲动的可能性,也可抑制另一个神经的兴奋性
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Neurons have these projections because one important property, or one important function of neurons, is to communicate with each other.
这些突起,源于神经细胞,一项重要的性质,或者说一项重要的功能,那就是实现信息的交流
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A psychology that will look at also things that work, that were not just study-- depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and neurosis.
需要着眼于有用的东西，不仅仅是研究-,抑郁，焦虑，精神分裂，神经症。
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We begin by doing a neural surgical procedure, to implant a silicon based electrode array that you are seeing on the right.
一开始，我们做一个神经手术，植入一个电极排列芯片,正如大家在右边说看到的。
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Secondly, you settle your nerves and then move in ascending order.
第二，确保你的神经,处在一个上升的趋势。
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And sometimes it's not good to repeat it too often; then you start to become unhinged.
有时重复太多遍也不太好;,你会开始变得神经错乱。
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The basic lesson of this movie is, and you probably knew this already, everyone at Yale is a spy and by the way also a psycho.
这部电影的观后感就是,耶鲁人都是间谍,而且都是神经病
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It might be hard to mesh this with the conception in which all actions are the result of neurochemical physical processes.
将上述事情,与所有的行为,都是神经化学生理过程的结果,这样的概念联系在一起是有些困难的
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A real happiness smile, what's known as a Duchenne smile, after a neurophysiologist who studied it, involves moving the eyes.
真正开心的微笑是杜乡式微笑，在一个神经心理学者研究后发现，包括眨眼睛。
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So, you have both the diversity in the physical connections, any one cell is potentially contacting lots of other cells.
所以 神经系统既有多样性的物理连接,即每个细胞都可能与其他许多细胞连接
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And one problem is that "For depression" is that there's too little of a neurotransmitter known as serotonin.
抑郁症的问题就在于,缺乏一种叫做血清素的神经递质
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and specifically what I mean is we can ask questions like what the neuro substrates support desire?
而且特别值得一提的是，我们可以问以下问题,哪些神经物质让人产生欲望？
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Like many cells in neurons, the shape of the cell is intimately related to its function within the organism.
同许多种神经细胞一样,这个细胞的形状和,它们在生物体中执行的功能紧密相关
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Freud studied the mind and the brain and was intensely interested in the neural basis of thought and behavior.
弗洛伊德研究心理和大脑,并对思想和行为的神经基础,有着浓厚的兴趣。
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To put it the way cognitive scientists and psychologists and neuroscientists like to put it, "The mind is what the brain does."
认知学家,心理学家,以及神经学家,总结道,"心理是大脑活动的产物"
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Because if it was a neurotransmitter activated ion channel, what would happen when the neurotransmitter bound here?
因为假如这是一个,神经递质激活的离子通道,当神经递质结合于此的时候,会发生些什么呢
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And he's going to give an amazing lecture on cognitive neuroscience, especially the cognitive neuroscience of faces.
他将为大家上一节非常精彩的,关于认知神经科学的课,主要是关于面部的认知神经科学
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There are two sorts of ways you could fiddle with neurotransmitters, and correspondingly two sorts of drugs.
你可以通过两种方式来控制神经递质,相应地,也就有两种对应的药物
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Then, there are antagonists that slow down the amount of neurotransmitters, either because they destroy neurotransmitters or they make it hard to create more.
另一种是抑制剂,抑制剂会抑制神经递质的释放量,有可能是通过破坏神经递质而实现,也可能是通过抑制神经递质的生成而实现
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And people who study this often claim to be studying neural network modeling to try to build smart machines by modeling them after brains.
神经网络的研究者们,通常会说他们是在研究神经网络模型,试图通过模仿大脑反应,而制造出智能机器
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Part of the complexity of the nervous system is the complexity of this interconnection of cells.
神经系统的复杂性部分地,体现在神经细胞间相互连接的复杂性
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In particular, they increase the amount of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that's responsible for just general arousal.
具体来说,安非他命会引起,去甲肾上腺素释放量的增加,去甲肾上腺素,是种负责一般性唤醒的神经递质
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The point that was just raised here is I had said before that everybody who's neurologically normal comes to acquire and learn a language.
我这里向表达的关键是,我之前说过所有神经上正常的人,都会掌握和习得一种语言
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That is interesting because it kind of looks to some extent like the way neurons look and this is often known as neural networks.
有趣的是,因为它看上去很像神经元的样子,所以通常都将它称之为神经网络
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Again, in the context of a specific tissue site, in this case it's the nervous system.
当然又是放在某种组织当中来说,这次是在神经系统
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If you look throughout the nervous system you would find cells that look different in different regions, because of where they're situated in the brain.
如果你仔细检视神经系统,你会发现不同部位的神经细胞,看起来不一样,这取决于它们在大脑中所处的位置
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This slide and the next will effectively teach you how to design neural prostheses.
这页幻灯片和下一页会告诉大家,如何有效地设计一个神经接口。
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That's what leads to some of the complexity of function of the nervous system.
这就是导致,神经系统功能多样性的原因
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And then if you get a certain number, plus 60 or something, the neuron will fire and it fires along the axon, the thing to the right.
如果达到了一定的数量,比如超过60之类的,神经元便会产生神经冲动,神经冲动沿轴突传递,右边的是轴突
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