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What do we make of these allusions to divine colleagues or subordinates in light of Kaufman's claims regarding biblical monotheism?
参照考夫曼的一神论主张，我们如何理解这些暗示？,他们的地位等同于，还是次于上帝？
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So priests, ministers or pastors -- we still call them pastors -had long been referred to as shepherds.
因此牧师，神官或教会牧师-我们仍然这样叫他们,很长一段时间都以牧羊人来代指。
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People tend to think, because the computer says it's so, it must be so. That the computer is- speaks for God. And therefore it's infallible.
那么一定就是这么回事了,他们认为计算机代表着神一样的存在-,因此是不可能犯错的。
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The gods are very unhappy because they have now been assigned specific duties in the maintenance of the cosmos.
众神们因为被指派了任务而闷闷不乐,他们都有具体的工作来维持宇宙的运行。
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Also, though, what they would do is sometimes they wouldn't try to simply say these gods are the same.
当然，他们的做法是,通常不直说这些神都是一样的。
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Other cultures focused more on an ethics of divinity where notions such as purity, sanctity, pollution and sin are relevant.
还有的文化则重于神性道德,他们的道德则与纯结，神圣，亵渎，罪孽等有关。
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Rulers have been thought to be divine or appointed spokesmen for divinity.
人们或笃信统治者为神,或承认他们是神在人间的代理
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ve essentially, we declared we knew better than anyone else, and like all the heroes in the great myth decided they knew better than the Gods.
事实上，我们，And，we’,我们宣称我们比任何人都知道更多，正如神话中的英雄一样,认为他们比神还要聪明。
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But in all likelihood Hebrews of an older time, the patriarchal period, the second millennium BCE--they probably weren't markedly different from many of their polytheistic neighbors. Archaeology would suggest that.
但很有可能更早的，西元前2000年族长统治时期的希伯来人，他们可能和其他信仰多神论的异邦人,没有什么太大的不同，这一点考古学会帮我们证明。
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It's going to lead to a lot of interesting things. It's also going to create a really huge problem for monotheistic thought they're going to struggle with for centuries and actually still do struggle with today.
并会引发一系列的有趣事件，它也将给一神论思想,带来一个相当大的问题，这个问题,他们纠结了好几个世纪，直到现在依然存在。
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They use the term "god" sometimes, but this god doesn't have a name,and that's very bizarre to you.
他们有时候会提到“神“,但这位神没有名字，这点让你感到诧异。
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The gods are terrified and they need a leader to lead them against her army and they turn to Marduk.
众神惶恐，他们需要一个率领他们的头领,与Tiamat的军队征战，他们向Marduk寻求帮助。
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Or they'd get to Syria, "Look at all these god that the Syrians worship.
他们去了叙利亚会说“看看叙利亚人崇拜的神“
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So in Joshua 23:7-8: ; "Do not utter the names of their gods or swear by them; do not serve them or bow down to them, but hold fast to the Lord your God as you have done this day."
在《约书亚书》23章7到8节中：,他们的神，你们不可提他的名，不可指着他起誓;,也不可事奉，叩拜，只要照着你们到今日所行的，专靠耶和华你们的神“
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But much more important than number was the fact that this god was outside of and above nature.
比神数量上的改变更重要的是,他们认为神凌驾于自然之上。
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And Deuteronomy is also something of a loyalty oath, except that the people are pledging their loyalty to a god rather than to a human king.
申命记也是一种忠诚试验，虽然人们是,对神宣誓他们的忠诚而不是对一个人类。
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So just as there are good gods who might protect human beings there are also evil gods who seek to destroy both humans and other gods.
所以正如有保护人类的善神一样,恶神同样存在，他们力图毁灭人类和其他神灵。
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One would be characteristic of semi-nomadic pastoralists: the sacrifice of the first lamb born in the spring to the deity in order to procure favor and continued blessing on the flocks for the spring.
一种是具有半游牧人的特色：,他们把春天里的第一只羊羔献给神,为了获得神的偏爱,来年春天继续赐福。
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Gods knew that everybody was-- they weren't particularly jealous, in that sense.
神知道每个人。。。,他们不会嫉妒的。
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The Greeks had the most arrogant view of their relationship to the divinity, as I will tell you about later in the course, of any people I know.
希腊人傲慢地认为,他们与神的关系最为密切,关于这一点,我会在以后讲到,我所知的每个希腊人都是如此
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They'll think you're not the universal God of history.
他们会认为你不是万能的神。
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Now, ask yourself this, especially if you're talking about Greeks, are they going to keep shelling out money for an oracle that gives them answers that turn out to be wrong? No.
现在想想这个,尤其说到古希腊人,为了得到神谕,他们会不停地破费,而这些神谕最后还是错的吗,当然不会
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So I went by night and fought against it from the break of dawn until noon, taking it and slaying all 7000 men, boys, women and girls and maid servants, for I had devoted them to destruction for the god Ashtar Chemosh", referring to herem. It is likely that such claims are hyperbolic in Moab and it is likely they were hyperbolic in Israel.
我连夜赶路，与它战斗,从破晓到正午，拿下了它,屠杀了全部7000个长幼男人和女人，还有女仆，我奉献他们给阿斯塔基摩神，这便是祭祀，这些很有可能是摩押的假设,他们在以色列也很有可能是虚构的。
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Why not? These guys that have gone out, let us say to Syracuse, they are your people, they have relatives back home, they have friends back home, it is natural--oh by the way, they're accustomed to worship the gods in the same way that the Corinthians do.
为什么呢,虽然移民已经离家,比如说他们去了锡拉库萨,但他们在家乡有仍有亲朋好友,这很常见,顺道一提,他们敬神的方式,跟科林斯人相同
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God heard their moaning, and God remembered His covenant with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob.
神听见他们的哀声，就记念他与亚伯拉罕，以撒，雅各所立的约。
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That's one line of interpretation So the very action that brought them a godlike awareness of their moral autonomy was an action that was taken in opposition to God.
那是一种解读,而这个行为,带给他们对自身道德控制力的神性意识,正是对上帝的违背。
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They're not in themselves, however, divinities: They are merely God's creations.
但神不存在于它们本身当中：,他们只是上帝的创造物。
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They are bound by, they're subservient to, this metadivine realm.
他们受制并服从于这个超神的领域。
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And then their son, Baal, who is a storm god He's depicted in mythological literature Mot as defeating both the chaotic sea god, Yam, and the god of death, Mot.
他们的儿子Baal，是风暴之神,在神话文学的描述中,他打败了混乱的海神Yam和死神。
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