Now, let me carry on with this by talking about the views of society which are characteristic of the two traditions in Western civilization.

下面我们继续,来谈一下有关于,体现了这两种不同西方文明传统,及其特点的社会观

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Even in the passage that I cited earlier, where Hobbes describes the benefits of civil society, he speaks of activities like navigation, exploration and industry.

在我之前引用的段落里，霍布斯描述文明社会,益处的时候,他谈到一些像航海，探险，工业等等的活动。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

People who have never known of civil society; people who have never known of a world with polis, well, of course,they would do something stupid like that.

希腊人认为不知道文明社会的人,也不会知道城邦的世界,所以才会做出如此愚蠢的行为

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

As early as 1826 an important pro-slavery writer named Edward Brown argued that "Slavery," he said, quote: "Had ever been the stepping ladder by which nations have passed from barbarism to civilization."

早在1826年,一位重要的亲奴主义作家,爱德华·布朗说过,"奴隶制,曾是帮助那些国家从野蛮时期,发展到文明社会的阶梯"

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Nicola.Supposed you wanted to leave civil society today.

妮可拉，假设你现在想脱离文明社会。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

And this is my colleague, Marianne LaFrance, who is actually not smiling in that picture but she studies smiling and smiling in adults, smiling in children, smiling across cultures, and the different social uses of smiling.

另一位是我的同事，法国人玛丽安，她在照片上没有笑,但她研究微笑，成人的微笑，孩子的微笑，文明的微笑，微笑的不同社会功用。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But if we look at the society that emerges, this Dark Age society that emerges from the ancient world of Mycenae, what you have is a rare human experience.

如果我们仔细观察这渐渐浮出水面的社会,这个从古代迈锡尼文明浮现出来的,黑暗时代的社会,你会得到一些相当宝贵的经验

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

In fact, we can never be fully free of the fear and of the anxiety and uncertainty of the state of nature, even within to some degree of fully constituted civil society.

实际上，我们完全可以,脱离恐惧焦虑和,对自然状态的不确定,甚至在一定程度上可以摆脱完全文明的社会。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The state of nature fully continues, in many ways, oddly even in civil society, he says, whenever we have reason to believe that our lives or our properties or ourselves are not secure.

从很多方面来说，自然状态，即使在文明社会里也显得奇怪，不论我们是否有理由相信我们有生活,生命和财产财产安全的保障。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

How do we get out of it? This is of course for much of the book. What do we do to get out of this state of nature to enter ? a condition of civil society and civilized life?

我们怎么摆脱它呢,所要讲的一个重要问题,我们要怎样才能摆脱自然状态,从而进入文明社会的状态，过上文明的生活呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Here's the line that Homer writes, they live without the Greek word is nomoi, which we would translate as laws, but before they become laws they are the customary norms of society, in other words, civilization.

荷马有如下描写,他们的的生活脱离于nomoi,我们可以将其翻译为法律,但是在这些成为法律之前,它们是社会约定俗成的标准,换言之,就是文明

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选