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0 So on a scale of 1 to 10, how big a mistake was it that they let Lehman go?
那么假定从1到,让雷曼兄弟破产的决定是多大的错误？
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And there is a lot of people that want to place the blame on the accounting for those, for the bank failures
好多人想将银行破产等这些归咎于会计记帐，
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And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.
热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。
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They usually talk about it as the "lost decade," where Japanese banks were not liquidated but they were not really in business.
他们在谈论它的时候称之为“垮掉的十年“,在这十年里，日本银行并没有破产,但是他们也没有真正在做生意。
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except when the car is running at 50 miles per hour and they pour all their money into it and they were wiped out.
只有在汽车以时速50公里前行时才管用,可他们把钱全投到了这个东西上,最后只得破产。
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I probably would have let Lehman go, too.
我也会让雷曼破产的。
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Or just banks in general that have gone bankrupt since the economic downturn.
或者就是经济危机以来破产了的一般银行。
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Border's is closing, going bankrupt, I think.
order书店就要关闭了，快破产了。
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The problem is, if your brokerage firm fails you could lose a lot; you could lose your cash account and your security account.
可问题是,一旦经纪公司破产,你可能损失惨重,赔光你现金账户和证券账户上所有的资金
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Goodbody & Company was a broker, but it failed in 1970, it went bankrupt.
古德巴迪公司就是经纪商,不过在1970年破产了
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It means the company went bankrupt and never paid; otherwise, the coupons would have been clipped.
这意味着那家公司破产了,无法兑现,否则,息票肯定会被剪掉
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You could lose that because Goodbody & Company is going bankrupt; it doesn't have it anymore.
因为古德巴迪公司破产了,这部分钱将会损失,不再存在
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They basically all failed and were taken over by foreign banks after the Mexican Crisis, so that's a sign of how things can go amiss.
他们已然全数破产并于,墨西哥银行业危机,之后被外国银行接管,这正是事态发展恶劣程度的标志
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they're just going to go bankrupt when that happens.
但是他们依然会破产。
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One, I'm broke.
第一种情况是，我破产了。
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Now, the problem is that if you invest in bonds from some state or local government, they might not pay you back; they can just go bankrupt.
现在的问题是如果你投资了,州或者地方政府发行的债券,他们可能无法支付,他们可能会破产
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A company, according to Modigliani and Miller, has to weigh their tax considerations against their bankruptcy costs and get an optimum debt-equity ratio out of that.
根据MM理论,一家公司,必须在租税考量与破产成本之间进行权衡,然后得出最有利的负债权益比
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On the other hand, if they do so, they may be courting bankruptcy.
但是,这么做离破产就不远了
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It's exposing defects in many of our biggest financial institutions and every day we see more news about failures, huge losses, resignations, or firings of top finance people.
这次金融危机暴露了,很多大型金融机构存在的问题,每天我们都看到很多关于,破产,巨额亏损,或者金融业高层,辞职或被炒鱿鱼的新闻
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People were pulling money out of banks because they feared that if the bank failed, then they would lose their money; it created a huge crisis in 1933.
人们纷纷从银行提取现金,因为他们担心,万一银行破产,他们就会血本无归,这种情况导致了1933年经济危机
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That was to protect depositors in the case of bank failure and it was a very important innovation because, at that time, there were huge runs on banks.
以保护储户在银行破产中免受损失,该机构的成立是个创举,因为那段时期,银行遭到挤兑
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Banks are in trouble and as you know - they're starting to fail because they the value of their assets in the market is falling rapidly.
银行陷入危机，并且你知道,他们开始破产因为他们,市场中资产的价值,在迅速的降低。
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The value of the paper collapsed and the bank became insolvent.
结果债券价值大跌,导致银行破产
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I'm just going to be paying back my debts and go bankrupt, so I'll take a big gamble and then at least I have a one in three chance of making money.
那样我就会因为要还债而破产,所以我要赌一把,至少有三分之一的机会能赢钱
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The other qualification is bankruptcy costs.
另外一个限制是破产成本
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In September 2008, Paulson refuse to offer such sales to Leathermen Brothers, permitting Leman Brothers to declare bankruptcy.
008年9月，鲍尔森拒绝为,雷曼兄弟安排这样的买卖，导致雷曼,宣布破产。
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Cities go bankrupt and they just can't pay, so you as a buyer of these bonds feel reluctant to invest in them.
如果一市政府破产了,他们将无法支付,因此作为投资人,你可能不想购买它
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If the company gets too leveraged then there's too high a probability that the company will fail and there are costs to bankruptcy.
如果公司的杠杆率太高,那么公司倒闭的可能性会极高,然后会产生破产费用
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There were probably a number of firms that, over that ten-year period, went out of business.
在这10年间,可能有很多企业已经破产
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In the SIV contract, there was some language that implied that if the SIV ever went bankrupt, the bank would come back and rescue them.
结构投资公司的合同中包含着这样的条款,如果结构投资公司破产,银行会拯救他们
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