He is conceivable to the Greeks only in a society.

对希腊人而言只有生存在社会中的人才真实

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

There's one very abstruse clue where somebody seems to know something about it, but fundamentally it's an illiterate society and that is a major difference between the world of Homer and the Mycenaean world.

只有一段很艰涩的文字大约表明有人,了解这一点,但基本上,荷马所描绘的世界,是一个文盲社会,这也是《荷马史诗》和真实的迈锡尼世界,之间的主要差异

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And once we rid ourselves of the burden of historicity, we're free to appreciate the stories for what they are: powerful, powerful narratives that must be read against the literary conventions of their time, and whose truths are social, political, moral and existential.

曾经我们将自己从史实性的负担中解放出来，我们,以故事原本的样子自由地欣赏它们：强大的，强大的叙事,必须能冲破那个时代的文学惯例和社会、政治、,道德及实存的真实而被解读。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

And then A.M. Snodgrass says, "I offer this as a further argument against the existence of a historical, Homeric society."

·M ·斯诺德格拉斯又说道,"我质疑荷马社会,在史实上存在的真实性"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选