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So you see in the hybrid orbital we actually have a larger lobe on top where they constructively interfered.
所以你们可以看到在杂化轨道里,我们上面,由很大的一叶相长干涉。
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And all we mean by constructive interference is that literally those two waves add together, such as the maxima are now twice as high, and the minima are now twice as low.
相干相长，相干相长也就是,说两个波加在一起，所以最大值变成2倍那么高，最低值变成2倍那么低。
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Since we're talking about wave functions, since we're talking about the properties of waves, we don't only have constructive interference, we can also imagine a case where we would have destructive interference.
因为我们讨论的是波函数，因为我们讨论的是波的性质，我们不仅有相长干涉，我们也可以想象在,某种情况下会有相消干涉。
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And it turns out that when you constructively have two p orbitals interfere, and when I say constructively, I mean they're both either positive or they're both the negative lobes, that's when you got bonding.
当两个ｐ轨道,相长干涉时，我说的相干相长，意思就是说它们要么都是,正的叶瓣要么都是负的叶瓣，这时就能成键。
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The reason that there is increased electron density here is you can see that these two orbitals come together and constructively interfere.
你们可以看到两个轨道,靠在一起相长叠加,这就是为什么中间的电子态密度增加了。
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So we want to have constructive interference to form a bond, where as if we had destructive interference, we would not be forming a bond.
我们需要,相干相长来成键，如果，相干相消了，就不能成键，所以这时候。
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So we can actually constructively and destructively combine these waves, these atomic orbitals to make a hybrid.
我们可以相长,和相消叠加这些波，这些原子轨道可以杂化。
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When we were talking about constructive interference, we had more electron density in between the 2 nuclei.
当我们讨论相长干涉的时候，在两个原子核之间有更多的电子密度。
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So let's think of them a little bit more by graphing the amplitude of the wave, and seeing how we can have this constructive interference.
让我们把波的,振幅画出来考虑一下,我们怎么能得到这种相长干涉。
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All right. So we see constructive interference, of course, we can also see destructive interference.
好了，我们看到的是相长干涉，当然我们也会看到相消干涉。
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And in either case if we first talk about constructive interference, what again we're going to see is that where these two orbitals come together, we're going to see increased wave function in that area, so we saw constructive interference.
在任何情况下,如果我们首先讨论相长干涉的话，我们同样会看到,当这两个轨道靠拢的时候，我们看到这个区域有波函数增加，所以我们看到的是相长干涉。
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The reason that we can talk about this is remember that we're talking about wave functions, we're talking about waves, so we can have constructive interference in which two different orbitals can constructively interfere, we can also have destructive interference.
我们可以这么说的原因是,记住我们说的是波函数，我们说的是波函数，所以我们可以得到相长干涉,这是两个不同轨道会相长干涉，我们也有相消干涉。
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But first, I just want to remind you when we're talking about molecular orbital theory, this is treating electrons as waves, so what we're actually able to do is either constructively or destructively combine atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
但首先，我要提醒你们,当我们讨论，分子轨道理论的时候，我们把电子看作是一种波,所以我们可以相长叠加,或者相消叠加这些原子轨道来组成分子轨道。
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In this case is it constructive or destructive interference?
在这种情况是相长干涉还是相消干涉？
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PROFESSOR: Constructive interference.
相长干涉。
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So you should remember that any time we combine 2 s orbitals, what we're going to find is if we constructively interfere those two orbitals, we're going to form a bonding orbital.
你们要记住，任何时候我们组合两个2s轨道，我们会发现,如果我们把它们相长叠加，我们会得到一个成键轨道。
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You can see if we combine the s with the top lobe of the p, they're going to constructively interfere because they have the same sign.
你们会看到如果我们把s轨道和p轨道的上叶结合，它们是相长干涉,因为它们负号是相同的。
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So we can draw that for 1 s a, we can also draw it for 1 s b, and what I'm saying for the molecular wave function is that we have the interference between the two, and we have a constructive interference, so we end up adding these two wave functions together.
所以我们可以对1sa画出它来，我们也可以对1sb画出它来，对于分子波函数我要说的是,它们两者之间会干涉，这里我们有相长干涉，所以我们得到的是波两个波函数加起来。
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