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That's the set up. We're going to run the reactants, the reaction. The reactants are going to turn into products.
这就是我们的装置，我们要进行反应,让反应物变成生成物。
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So,the editors just buy--completely buy--the text's own mythology and produce all this apparatus around it to help us believe it, too.
所以这个编辑把原稿中的所有想象都保留了,而且说出那么一个有关联的装置让我们更信服。
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And he had to attach something to dogs so that their saliva would pour out so he could study saliva.
他给狗套上了一些装置,来收集狗的唾液用以研究。
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In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?
当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少，你要做什么？
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- Those of you with backgrounds in history or we've seen -- or remember World War II with technologies that were used in it might know of the Enigma machine, which is kind of the same idea.
你们其中有历史背景的人或者我们看到的-,或记得起的第二次世界大战中使用的,可能知道的英格玛装置，那是一种同样的思想。
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I wonder if there's some UV light out of this new lighting set up in our classroom here.
好的，我想知道这里,我们教室里的这套新的照明装置,是否有一些紫外光出来。
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This device held here is really made of mainly plastic and a little bit of metal.
这个装置大部分是用塑料做的,还有一点金属
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We have no idea what this menacing contraption actually is supposed to look like or what it's actually intended to signify, but we can know, I think, with some certainty that it's not scrannel.
我们无从得知这个威胁性的装置,实际上是什么样或者要代表什么，但是我们可以通过一些并不细小的确切性得知。
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so that's what he did, he rigged up a lever here, you can see.
这就是他做的，你能看到，他做了一个杠杆装置。
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It's a bit more-- to continue with the metaphor of the on-of switch-- as though not only is the switch turned to off, there's a lock on the switch.
要继续用开关的比喻-,就有点奇怪了-,似乎开关的上面，还有一个锁定装置。
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What we needed was some mechanism of exerting some fixed force.
我们需要的是一些能够产生恒力的装置
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Then he had a machine that granted each pigeon one piece of corn every fifteen seconds; that's very, frustratingly slow for a hungry pigeon to get one piece every fifteen seconds.
他们设计了一个能保证,每隔15秒给鸽子喂一玉米粒的装置,对饥饿的鸽子来说是杯水车薪,每15秒才只有一粒玉米
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It used to be a lot easier to be physically active then it is today, and we'll discuss this later in the class, but energy saving devices all over the place.
在过去,人们比现在从事更多的体力活动,这一点我们以后再讲,帮助你省力的装置,如今随处可见
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That's what we wanna achieve with Kindle, to have a device, so simple, it's a tool that would disappear and let you enter the author's world.
这就是我们想要通过Kindle达到的目标，设计一种简单的装置，自己消失的同时,能够让读者进入作者的世界。
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If you have some plain text, some message that you want to send, well, you can encrypt it or you can scramble it using a key, a secret key, which might be a physical machine like the Enigma 13 or it might be a number like 13.
如果你有没有加密的文本，你想要寄送的一些消息,你就可以加密它,或者你可以用一个密钥使其变得混乱，那就像一个英格玛的物理装置,或者他就是一个数字。
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now I'm really fantastic at drawing this mechanical device, but you can imagine that dropping a weight can cause a paddle wheel to turn.
机械装置的时候,我真的很着迷，你可以想象,当重物掉落的时候会带动桨轮旋转。
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And the whole thing is insulated right.
整个装置是绝热的，对吧？
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It won't be long before we're using these same kind of devices to both record--to test what's going on-- and to act in the right way and response.
相信不久以后,这个装置就可以同时记录和反馈,大脑的信号,并做出相应的回应
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And it's for that whole unit that you've got some heat capacity. How much heat does it take the warm the entire thing up or the insides of the thing up by a degree? It's that number right.
由这个单位你能知道,一些热容的信息，要让这整个装置,或里面放置的东西,升温一度需要多少热量？
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Yes, and if we have gases involved, it's pretty similar, but now what will have is something like this. We'll have a reaction vessel that's sealed, it's constant volume.
如果涉及了气体，情况也很相似，只是现在的装置是这样的,我们有一个密封的反应容器,它的体积是恒定的。
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Dialysis, this is an example of a membrane dialysis unit.
透析技术,这里是一个膜透析的装置
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This is a game where you get a little plastic device, it's got 15 plastic numbers on it and one hole in this little plastic board and you can move those numbers up, down, left to right, and the goal is to take what's a random assortment of tiles and arrange them in numeric order and that's one of these little things you can play sort of absentmindedly.
在这个游戏中，你会拿到一个可塑的装置，上面有15个数字和一个孔,你可以将数字上下移动，左右移动，目标就是,拿到一个随机的组合后,将其按数字顺序排列,这个你可以随便玩玩。
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And it's important innovation in several different ways and we're going to talk about this whole science of building artificial organs, devices that are made out of totally synthetic components to replace the function of your natural organs, and the artificial heart is a good example of that.
在很多方向上也做出了重要的创新,我们会讲到,制造人造器官的技术原理,这些装置完全用合成材料制成,能够取代人体器官的功能,人造心脏就是一个很好的范例
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Imagine how much power it takes to drive an artificial heart, so you've got to have a battery or some way of generating power continuously to operate that and that makes it difficult to think about implantable and so that's a really good example of Biomedical Engineering.
驱动人工心脏所需要的能量是难以想像的,所以需要电池或者是某种持续发电装置,来给人工心脏提供能量,这就增加了人工心脏的植入难度,这是很好的生物医学工程的例子
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So one of the things that the Allies very specifically wanted to do in World War II was to hijack one of these devices, take it from a U-boat because if they had this physical machine, certainly can they start decrypting then the German messages.
所以同盟国在二战中想做的一件事,就是劫持其中一个装置，携带在U型潜水艇中，因为如果他们拥有了这种物理装置，他们就可以解码,德国人的密文。
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This is a picture of patch clamp, it's a device that engineers built to fasten onto individual cells in order to look at how molecules in the membrane of the cell are working, and I'll talk a little bit about that as we go along.
这是膜片钳的图片,工程师使用该装置固定单个细胞,由此观察,细胞膜中的分子怎样活动,在以后的课中我还会谈到这方面内容
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As time goes on, we've developed ever more complex machines to study people and we've talked about some of these already: EKG machines, so an example of an electrical device that can be used to monitor a very elaborate function deep inside your body, the beating of your heart and the rhythm of your heart.
如今,我们已经有功能更加复杂的设备,来研究人类,比如之前说到的心电图,我们使用电子装置,对身体内部机能进行精确地监控,具体到心电图就是心跳和心率
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Lastly, up here, is a picture of a much smaller device, this is actually an artificial heart valve that is made of plastics and metal and can replace the valve inside your heart.
最后,在上面这里,这张图片是一个相对较小的装置,这实际上是一个人工心脏瓣膜,由塑料和金属制成,可以取代人的心脏瓣膜
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In fact, the first PhD degree in engineering was awarded to a fellow named J. Willard Gibbs at Yale in 1863 for a thesis he did on how gears work or something, I forget exactly what the details are, but have you heard of Gibbs?
事实上 工程学的第一个博士学位授予了,一个名叫约西亚?威拉德?吉布斯的人,在一八六三年的耶鲁,他的论文是关于传动装置是如何工作的,细节方面的东西我记不清了,你们听说过吉布斯这个人么
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