-
But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
-
And so we knew each other from one of my classes at thermal dynamics class
我们是在热动力学课上互相认识的。
-
You calculate how much heat is released in the reaction. And then what's going to matter is what's the heat capacity of the whole, of the calorimeter?
就是计算在反应中,放出了多少热量,接下来关键的是,整个量热计的热容是多少？
-
Other studies, some of them-- Well, here's another study by Rene Baillargeon looking at the same thing in a different way.
还有些其他的研究,这是勒奈·巴亚热昂所进行的另一项研究,通过不同的方式去观察同一个物体
-
I mean, I can do it now because it's pretty hot.
我的意思是，因为现在很热，所以我可以练。
-
From Angers, it's like quite a medium city in France,
从昂热来的，那是法国的一个中等城市，
-
Taq stands for thermos aquaticus, it's a marine micro-organism that lives near these hydrothermal events in the bottom of the sea and they live under very high temperatures and pressures all the time.
aq是"水生栖热菌"的简称,那是一种生活在靠近深海热液活动区的,海底微生物,它们长期生活在高温高压的环境中
-
I am the system. I could be a system It could be a hot coffee in a thermos.
我就是系统，我可以是个系统,它可以是热水瓶里的热咖啡。
-
I'm hot, compared to the air of the room, or cold if I'm somewhere that's warm.
我相对于室内的空气是热的，或是冷的如果我呆在一个温暖的地方。
-
That'll be inside our calorimeter. It's insulated, and there's still a thermometer, so we can measure the temperature.
被放置在量热计里面，它是绝热的，同样有一个温度计，让我们可以测量温度。
-
for instance, for the thermos with the coffee in if you place the boundary in the inside wall of the glass or the outside wall of the glass and the inside of the thermos, that makes a difference; different heat capacity, etcetera.
比如说，对于装咖啡的热水瓶来说,你把边界设置在瓶胆的内壁上,或者设置在瓶胆外壁上,或设在热水瓶里面，情况都是不一样的;,有不同的热容等等。
-
Normally this is used for a reaction in the condensed phases and liquid usually.
通常它是用于凝聚态，液体相的反应,这是一个恒压量热计。
-
Ordinary heat capacities are in Joule's per Kelvin mole, not kilojoules, right.
一般热容的单位是焦耳每摩,而不是千焦。
-
q1 The heat input is just q1, Q and we'll define that as capital Q.
输入的热是，我们把它定义为大写的。
-
Heat capacity depends on path.
热容是与路径有关的。
-
Heat is flowing this way.
热是朝这个方向流动的。
-
What I really want to do is just give an example of what happens when you throw the thing, the material into a calorimeter and see how much the temperature changes.
我想做的是给出当,你把这些东西，这些材料扔进，量热计时会发生什么,看看温度会变化多少。
-
I didn't even need to know that heat capacity of the product, right. Because it's effect the thermal mass of the product is negligible compared to the thermal mass of the calorimeter.
我甚至不需要知道生成物的,热容是多少，因为生成物的,热质量的作用相比于,量热计的热质量是可以忽略的。
-
So we're just subtracting, in effect, zero, right, from the enthalpy of the product, but of course it's important have that established because the heat of formation is something you could measure, right?
所以从效果上说，我们只是，从生成物的焓中减去了零，但，是确立这一点很重要,因为生成热是,你能测量的东西，对吧？
-
When something hot, it's got a higher temperature than when something is cold.
当某样东西是热的时，它的温度,比冷的东西要高。
-
This is the negative heat of formation, right?
这里是负的生成热，对吧？
-
And these verbal descriptions lead to some pictures that I put up and I'll put up again about how you might try to accomplish something like run an engine or move heat from a colder to a warmer body.
这些言语的描述有助于你们理解我讲过的,而且还要再讲的一些物理图像,比如一台发动机,是怎么运行的,或热怎样从冷的物体传到热的物体。
-
Noticed that's not per mole, right.
我是说量热计是个很大的东西。
-
So the way I've got things written here, q1 Heat's flowing from the hot reservoir to the engine that runs in a cycle.
我把这些都这些这里，是正的，q1，is，positive,热从高温的热源,传到循环工作的热机，对外做功。
-
Now q2 was in this step, and we're going to leave that reversible, right, but q1 is irreversible.
现在q2是这个过程中的热，是一个可逆的，但是q1是不可逆的。
-
So here, I'm going to have delta H, is just the sum for all the products of delta heat of formation right? Here I'm going to put together all the products. So this is a positive heat of formation.
所以这里△H就是所有生成物的,生成热的和,对吧？这里,我要把元素组合成所有这些,生成物，所以这里是正的生成热。
-
Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.
也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。
-
Then we went on to look at thermochemistry, and that's what I want to continue today.
然后我们继续研究了热化学，这是我今天要继续讲的，的确。
-
That's common sense. This is part of your DNA, And then their final product is an object, a b which ends up at a temperature or a warmness which is in between the hot and the cold.
这是常识，是你的一部分，它们的最终产物是一个物体，其温度或温暖程度,介于热与,冷之间。
-
Over here, we have dq=Cp dT, the heat, the proportionality between heat - and temperature rise is given by this, the constant pressure heat capacity.
这里我有dq=CpdT，这是热量，这是联系热量,和温度变化的系数，恒压热容。
应用推荐