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Their eyes are intact but rather what happens in agnosia is they lose the ability to recognize certain things.
他们的眼睛并未受到损伤,相反,失认症的症状是,患者失去识别某些事物的能力
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Somebody with a severe and profound loss of mental faculties-- the deficit will be shown correspondingly in her brain.
对于严重丧失心理官能的人来说,我们可以看到她在大脑相应部位的损伤
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Because of this, they can't repair the various kinds of damage they need, or create the amino acids and proteins they need.
他们不能修复各种损伤,或者生成所需的氨基酸蛋白质
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And after a toxic insult, they are gone. This is what the inner ear of a person who is deaf looks like.
受到损伤后，毛细胞没了，耳朵失聪的人的内耳就是这幅摸样。
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The world would suffer because the damage is substantial and it reduces our ability to produce.
世界仍然会受到损伤，因为破坏巨大,它降低了我们生产的能力。
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Humans with severe intellectual disabilities are not rational or autonomous.
智力严重损伤的人们也不是,理性的或自主的。
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One of the first steps in that healing is that fibroblasts like this cell crawl into the space that's created by the wound and they grab a hold of both sides of the wound and contract and try to pull it together.
愈合的第一步是,成纤维细胞向,损伤的创口爬行,紧紧地抓住创口的两侧,通过收缩回拉 试着使创口合拢
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Another way to explore what the brain does is to consider what happens to people when very bad things happen to their brain.
另一个探究大脑功能的方法,就是在人们的大脑遭受严重损伤时,观察他们的行为变化
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And all this is to help to address a broad range of neurological diseases and injuries.
所有这些都旨在帮助我们,研究很广的范围的神经系统疾病和损伤。
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And So, people study brain damages— brain damage that implicates motor control such as apraxia.
所以人们研究脑损伤,这些脑损伤能够引起,诸如失用症这样的运动控制障碍
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But, also, there are genetic disorders, some falling under the rubric of what's known as "Specific language impairment," where children are born without the same ability as the rest of us to learn to speak.
但被叫做"特殊言语损伤"的遗传障碍,也能使你失去语言能力,儿童出生便不具有,我们其他人所具有的学习说话的能力
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And what a case like this, where somebody is in a coma, is without consciousness as a result of damage to the brain, is a stark illustration of the physical nature of mental life.
想象一下这样的情况,某人正陷于昏迷之中,由于脑部损伤而失去了意识,这是心理活动的生理属性毫无修饰的图解
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Again, it's not paralysis, it's not blindness, but due to certain parts of your--of damaged parts of your brain, you might lose, for instance, the idea that there's a left side of your body or a left side of the world.
我重申,这不是生理瘫痪,不是失明,但是由于大脑特定部区域的损伤,举例来说,你可能会失去对身体左半部分的感知,或是对身体左侧外部世界的感知
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And these bad things could happen through lesions, through tumors, through strokes, through injury.
这些严重的损伤,有可能是由于病变,肿瘤,撞击,或是受伤,而引起的
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To some interesting sense, there's some sort of damage resistance built in to the brain that allows different parts of the brain to take over if some parts are damaged.
从某种程度上来说,这就像是在大脑中建立起了某种损伤防护,如果某些脑组织受到了损伤,那么这种防护可以保证其他脑组织,担负起损伤组织的功能
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And this is again an extraordinary example of how the brain can give rise to the mind, and how things that go wrong with the brain can affect you in a serious way.
这又是一个说明大脑如何引起心理的,非常典型的例子,并且说明了大脑的损伤,将会严重影响我们的日常行为
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There can be specific impairments of language.
一些语言的特殊损伤也是存在的
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But the cases of specific language impairments suggest that all of that is wrong, because there are children in this world right now who are plenty smart, who really want to communicate, and who are entirely social creatures but they can't learn language.
但是特殊言语损伤的案例表明,以上的所有都是错的,因为现在在世界上,会有些足够聪明,想要交流,完全社会生物的儿童,他们无法学习语言
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s a single cell layer of a damage cochlea.
损伤后的耳蜗只有一层薄薄的细胞膜，There’
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And so, from the study of brain damage and the study of— we can gain some understanding of what different parts of the brain do.
通过对脑损伤的研究,我们可以了解到大脑不同区域的功能
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You can take a lot of brain damage and still preserve some mental functioning.
即便是你受到了严重的脑损伤,也依然能够维持一些心理功能
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Hysteria includes phenomena like hysterical blindness and hysterical deafness, which is when you cannot see and cannot hear paralysis, trembling, panic attacks, gaps of memory including amnesia and so on.
癔症的临床表现包括,癔症性失明和癔症性失聪，它们是指你在并无器质性损伤的情况下,此外还有瘫痪，震颤，恐慌症，健忘症之类的记忆缺失等等。
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Some of these impairments could be due to trauma, the aphasias.
某些损伤可能是由于外伤而导致的,比如失语症
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A patient who had damage to part of his brain and can only say one word, "Tan," and the person would say, "Tan, tan, tan, tan," and everything else was gone.
一位大脑遭受部分损伤的病人,这位病人只会说一个字,"叹",说起话来这样的,"叹,叹,叹,叹",其他的词全都无法说出
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And the logic is if you find somebody-- Crudely, if you find somebody with damage to this part of the brain right here and that person can't recognize faces for instance, there's some reason to believe that this part of the brain is related to face recognition.
这里的逻辑是这样的,比如说,如果你发现某人,大脑的右边这一部分受到了损伤,他无法进行面孔识别,那么就有理由相信,大脑的这部分是与面孔识别有关的
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