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If you could introduce that gene you'd make the chemical, in this case it's a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor.
通过导入一种生成特殊化学物质的基因,这种疗法中指的是一种蛋白,叫做血管内皮生长因子
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Another example of using this technique is to produce therapeutic proteins from cloned DNA and I'm going to describe this one.
另一个运用到此技术的例子就是,从克隆的基因中制造治疗性的蛋白质,我会具体说这个例子
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Your caring, your moral feelings towards other creatures to the extent of the proportion of genes that you share with them.
你的关心，你对他人的道德情感,取决于你和他们拥有多少,相同的基因。
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You look at identical twins, monozygotic twins who share the same genetic profile.
同卵双胞胎，他们拥有相同的基因谱。
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Those people would bank their calories, survive the next famine, contribute to the gene pool, and thereby create what we have today which are organisms, humans, who very much like the kind of diets that are creating problems.
这些人储存能量以保证,在下一次饥荒时得以幸存,使他们的基因保留在了基因库中,从而造就今天的生物体,即人类,人类非常喜欢这类饮食,从而引发了很多问题
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What's changing along here is the what's changing along this pathway is the expression pattern of genes in cells.
因此这里改变的是,在这条途径上改变的是,基因表达的模式
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It was a gene that was causing a cell to be malignant and to divide without control, for example.
例如,一个会使细胞恶化,并不受控制地无限分裂的基因
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You make a recombinant virus that has all the normal components of the virus but also has a gene that you want.
你就造出了一个重组病毒,它有普通病毒的各种组分,又带有你需要的基因
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Animals that are altruistic even to the point of dying to help another, those genes will, under some circumstances, be preserved over the genes of people who are less caring.
有强烈利它主义的动物,甚至为其他动物牺牲自己，这些基因在某些情况下，就会被保存下来,而那些不关心他人的基因则不会。
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Think about an eight year old girl, who's very unhappy, and then reads some magazine about that study, saying that basically you are genetically set point what you are born with is there for life.
设想一个8岁的女孩，她很忧伤，然后在杂志上读到那个研究，研究告诉她，基本上你的基因决定了一切,你与生俱来的一切，将伴随你终生。
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Well, the genes that survive are going to be the ones that make the most copies of themselves.
能存活的基因是,能进行最多自我复制的基因。
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You could potentially treat cystic fibrosis by providing the correct gene and providing it to all the cells of the lung epithelium.
一种可能的治愈方法是,把正确的基因,导入所有肺上皮细胞
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Genetic scans for disease predictions, and we talked about one way you might do that using gene chips.
基因扫描技术可用于预测疾病,我们讨论的基因芯片技术是其中的一种
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Now, in other cases you might want to introduce a gene that's not even normally present in people.
但另外一些情况还需要导入,人类细胞中原来没有的基因
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They integrate their DNA into the host genome and you might not want to make that kind of a change in the cell.
而且也许你也并不想让逆转录病毒基因,整合进宿主的基因组
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If your gene goes in, you've interrupted the gene for antibiotic resistance and those new organisms aren't going to be resistant to antibiotic anymore.
如果基因进入了质粒,原本对抗生素有抗性的基因就被打断了,那些新细菌就不再对抗生素有抗性
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The rest of the time I want to talk about expression of genes, of new genes.
剩下的时间里我想讲讲基因的表达,新基因的表达
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They put a gene like the insulin gene in place of the milk protein, but behind the promoter that is used to produce milk proteins.
人们将产羊奶蛋白的基因,换成了胰岛素基因,在启动子后面的基因,原本是编码羊奶蛋白的
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Change often signals danger or opportunity and if we are especially tuned-in to change, it helps us survive ? and it helps us pass along our genes. Okay?
变化通常意味着危险和机遇,如果我们能调整适应变化，我们生存能力更强,并且能传递我们的基因，是不是？
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Imagine two genes, two sorts of animals each containing their own gene.
想象两个基因，两种动物各自含有自己的基因。
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To what extent are things the result of the genes we possess?
在多大程度上我们被我们的基因所决定
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This particular example involves the gene for sickle cell anemia.
本例子中就包括镰状红细胞贫血症的基因
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So it's not just knowing what genes or figuring out ways to look at gene expression, it's figuring out how this expression of key genes affects the fate of the individual.
所以我们不仅仅是要了解那些基因能致病,也不仅是要弄明白基因的表达方式,更要搞清楚这种关键基因的表达,如何影响个人命运
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The difference the real difference is in what genes its expressing of the total number of genes in the human genome and therefore if it's expressing these unique this unique set of genes.
真正的不同之处是,在这些细胞中,表达的是人类全部基因中的不同基因,因此如果细胞表达的是,这组独特的基因
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The sources are: one,the plasmid vector that we've picked, and the second is these genes that for some reason we're interested in.
第一个是我们选择的质粒载体,第二个是我们感兴趣的基因
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Here, a concept is to introduce a gene that causes the process of new blood vessel growth.
看这儿,一种疗法是导入,可以促进新血管生成的基因
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You're not fishing through a whole chromosome in order to find what you want, but you're going to a cell that's already enriched in it.
你不是大海捞针地,在一整个染色体中找基因,而是在一个充满了,你感兴趣的基因的细胞里找
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This is another way to clone or make many copies of a gene of interest.
这是另一种克隆出许多,你感兴趣的基因的方法
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It's a gene that's on the plasmid, and this particular gene confers a specific biological property to cells that have the plasmid and can use it properly.
它是质粒自带的基因,如果细胞能够获得这种质粒,并正确的利用它的话,这段基因就能赋予该细胞某种生物学特性
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If so, then it would show that that extra overlap in genes doesn't really matter And so, it would suggest a low role of heredity Are adopted children highly similar to ? their brothers and sisters?
如果是这样，那就表明另外的的基因重叠,是没什么影响的,也就是说遗传的影响也很小,收养的儿童,和他们的兄弟姐妹会很相似吗？
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