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Gallium arsenide switches ten times faster than silicon All of a sudden,I've got a clock speed ten times faster with no change in design.
砷化镓启动的速度是硅的10倍,突然，我得到了10倍快的时钟速度,但是设计没有发生任何改变。
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which is running a program which gets children from a young age involved in global issues,
它是一个让孩子们从年幼时就接触全球性问题的启动项目，
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It might be a plasmid that contains a promoter that works in lung cells and that has the cystic fibrosis gene.
这个质粒带有,可以在肺细胞表达的启动子和正常基因
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This is essentially a reboot of something we put together a few years ago but the thing had grown in size, this particular app.
这从本质上来说是,重新启动前几年我们组装的一个东西,但它的大小已有所增长，尤其是应用程序。
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About a year ago, we started a project called Aladdin.
在一年之前，我们启动了一个叫“阿拉丁“的项目。
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Start by thinking about what are the sequences.
启动的时候应该考虑下先后顺序。
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If you put the electrode in just the right place, then when the electrode gets turned on, it stimulates the pleasure center in the rat's brain and it gets a little burst of pleasure, a pretty intense burst of pleasure.
只要把电极放对地方，然后启动电极，刺激老鼠大脑的快乐中枢,老鼠感受到一股快感，一股很强烈的快感。
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We sense food coming in, that sets into gear a series of metabolic and biological processes that are very interesting, and then of course once the food gets in the body it does lots of interesting things-- some good things and some bad things.
美食当前,食指大动,身体从而启动一系列新陈代谢过程,和有趣的生物过程,而且,当食物进入身体,它就产生许多有趣的效应,这些效应有好有坏
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Now the modulation--change of key from major to back to minor as the cortege will start up again and then we-- A nice clarinet sound there and here comes our cortege with the bass.
现在变调了,从大调,变回小调,送葬行列再次启动,然后我们听到了优美的单簧管,送葬行列伴随着低音来了
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We'll talk more about promoters as they go on, for now let's just assume that we have a promoter that works in this particular cell.
我们以后还会谈到更多有关启动子的知识,而现在就假设这个,特定的宿主细胞里有个启动子
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It also has to have a promoter for the gene that the cells can recognize.
另外还必须带有,受体细胞能够识别的启动子
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Wrong way to start.
启动的路径错了。
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They put a gene like the insulin gene in place of the milk protein, but behind the promoter that is used to produce milk proteins.
人们将产羊奶蛋白的基因,换成了胰岛素基因,在启动子后面的基因,原本是编码羊奶蛋白的
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When they make milk they have signals for turning on the betagalactoglobulin promoter and expressing the gene of interest.
泌乳的时候,β-乳球蛋白启动子受信号调控而开启,目的基因得以表达
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> Yeah, so when green flag clicked, and that's kind of the very explicit way of saying when you start this program by clicking in the green flag, here is what's gonna get executed first.
>，是的，“点击绿旗“,就是用这种直白的方式告诉你,你需要点击这个绿旗才能启动整个程序，这是程序生效的入口。
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When this bound receptor interacts with DNA it could, for example, turn on expression of a target gene.
该受体与DNA结合后能够,启动目标基因的表达
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Now when we put insulin in this place behind the right promoter, the cell thinks that it still has the lacZ gene present which it needs for its metabolism.
现在我们把胰岛素基因,放在正确的启动子后面,宿主细胞就会认为,它仍然有新陈代谢所需的lacZ基因
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The promoter in this case is called the lac promoter and normally in micro-organisms that lac promoter is used to produce a gene called lacZ which makes a protein called beta-galactosidase.
在这个例子中的启动子称作lac启动子,通常在微生物中,lac启动子是用来生成,一段叫lacZ的基因,这段基因,能制造一种蛋白叫β-半乳糖苷酶
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In this case the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that is positioned right in front of the gene of interest, the promoter is the betagalactoglobulin promoter in this case, and betagalactoglobulin is a milk protein.
这里涉及到的启动子,也是一段DNA序列,它必须刚好位于目的基因序列前端,我们用到的是β-乳球蛋白启动子,β-乳球蛋白是乳汁中的一种蛋白
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What we're going to do is take this plasmid, with its promoter gene construct in it and engineer it, to take out the lacZ gene, leaving in the promoter and putting in the protein that we want - the gene for the protein that we want.
我们要做的就是提取包含,它自己的启动子基因的质粒,并对其进行一些修改,剔除lacZ基因,留下启动子,把我们的目标蛋白植入--,我们生产目标蛋白的基因
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