I remember my first exposure way back in the 60s was a photo of the Biafra famine you remember in the civil war in Nigeria.
我记得我第一次感受到贫困,是在60年代,那是一张关于尼日利亚饥荒的照片,你应该记得,是尼日利亚内战期间。
Hobbes was the tutor to a royal household who followed the King into exile during the English Civil War.
贺伯斯是一位皇室家庭的家教老师,该户人家于英国内战时,随着英皇流亡;
But let's go back to the Old South, this Old South that got the United States in so much trouble.
但是让我们回到内战前的南方,这个让美国陷入这么多的麻烦的地方
Pax Romana This led to what we famously call the Pax Romana, "the Roman Peace," because you had the end of long, hundreds of years of civil wars and other wars, at least within Rome itself.
这导致了著名的,即“罗马和平“,因为长达几百年的,内战及大小战争终于结束了,至少在罗马本土结束了。
I was particularly interested in metaphysical poetry political philosophy -- I wrote my thesis on a radical political philosopher of the 17th century of the civil war period.
我尤其感兴趣的是玄学诗派,和政治哲学,我的毕业论文,就是有关一名激进的政治哲学家,他生活在内战的十八世纪。
He's born, in fact, twenty years before the American Civil War.
他是在美国内战结束后的二十年出生的。
It is fair to argue that non-titled people in England were at the forefront of the victorious role in the civil war that parliament played.
而另一方面,英国的无头衔人群,在议会的内战中,站在了胜利的一方也无可厚非
So, you might learn to play baseball, you might learn about the American Civil War, but if Chomsky is right you didn't learn to speak English.
因此,你可能学会打棒球,学到关于美国内战的知识,但如果乔姆斯基是对的,那么说英语并不是习得的
I think it's also a civil war of Israel against itself.
就我个人而言,它也是以色列民族自身的一场内战。
There's an extraordinary literature, the close concurrent, the close competition for that, the richest literature would be the Spanish Civil War with Orwell, and Borkenau and Brennan.
还有一类好的文学作品,能和一战类一拼高下的,争夺最丰富文学奖,应该就是西班牙内战,有奥威尔,博克南和布伦南
It might well be that the people who won those wars,internal wars, would have been glad to send them away rather than to have these discontented people and these folks who were their enemies hanging around town and making trouble.
很可能,赢得这些战争和内战的人,比起留下这些不满的民众,让敌人在四周游窜制造麻烦,更愿意打发他们离开
He said, "If you want to understand the South," he said, "Its taproot is back there in the Old South."
如果你想读懂南方",他说,"那你必须追溯到内战前的南方"
He wrote a history of the English Civil Wars, Behemoth called Behemoth, which remains a classic of the analysis of the causes of social conflict.
他写关于英国内战的历史,叫做,里面有关于社会冲突原因,的经典分析。
That's where all of them went at one point or another, some less than others.
这就是内战的导火索,分裂的原因
Good old Eli Whitney, it's his fault we had the cotton boom and slavery grew, and you get sort of Eli Whitney to the Civil War.
伊莱·惠特尼发明的轧棉机,促使了棉花产业兴盛和奴隶需求量猛增,可以说惠特尼在某种程度上导致了内战的爆发
That is to say, when the rules governing authority have broken down in times of crisis, and that was certainly true in Hobbes' time, a time of civil war and crisis.
这就是说,当统治权力,在危机下崩溃时,这恰好就是霍布斯时代的情况,充满内战和危机的时代。
It was, above all, the influence of the classics, Aristotle and Cicero in particular, that Hobbes regards as an important cause for the recent civil war and the regicide of Charles I.
霍布斯认为,正是受这些古典作品的影响,尤其是亚里士多德和西塞罗的作品,才导致了最近内战的爆发,和对查理一世国王的处决。
And which, in the case of England, the civil war was largely fought, to a great extent anyway, trying to prevent the English monarchy from taking on characteristics of those emerging absolute states on the continent.
其中之一是英国,[1648年的英国内战称之为 "英国资产阶级革命"],这在很大程度上,是为了阻止英国的君主制,转变为欧洲大陆上新兴的绝对主义
The first question was, "So Professor, what was the Civil War about?"
一般第一个问题就是,"教授,请问内战的目的是什么"
It isn't a product of the Civil War by any means.
这些成见肯定不是内战的产物
What's distinctive about the South, especially this Old South?
南方有什么特别的呢,特别是内战前的南方
First of all, it's worth remembering there are a lot of clear, undeniable similarities of all kinds, things you can measure, between South and North in the 40 years before the Civil War.
首先,值得记住的是有很多明显的,不可否认的共同点,各种各样的共同点,你在对比,内战发生前四十年里的南北双方时就能发现
The antebellum Southern economy became by the 1820s, without any question, a slave economy.
从十九世纪二十年代起至内战前,南方的经济毫无疑问就是奴隶经济
He was killed on April 1st,1865,at the Battle of Five Oaks excuse me, at Five Forks, just west of Richmond, the last major engagement of the Civil War.
他最终死于1865年4月1日的五橡树战役,不好意思,是五岔口战役,就在里士满的西面,内战最后一场主要的会战
Everybody in the Civil War will say they're fighting for liberty.
参与内战的每一个人,都会说他们是为了自由而战
For Aristotle the point and purpose of political science is to mediate the causes of faction to help causes of faction that lead to revolution and civil war.
对亚里士多德而言,政治科学的论点与目的,是要调解形成派系的起因,避免派系形成,因那会导致革新与内战。
The first is this era, of the 1820s, '30s, '40s and '50s, Antebellum America, exemplified most obviously by the anti-slavery movement, which is where we're going to get to as we leave today.
第一个时期,是十九世纪二十年代,三十年代,四十年代和五十年代,内战前的美国,废奴运动就是其典型,这是我们今天下课前要弄明白的
That could be an epigraph on this course, if you like, because in the end when this Civil War will finally come both sides will say over and over and over again that they are only fighting for liberty.
你愿意的话,也可以把这两个词记下来,因为在最后,当内战最终打响的时候,双方都会一遍又一遍地重申,他们只是为了自由而战
Now, for a long time in American scholarship and in American classrooms one of the deep mythologies about this whole story of the era of the American Civil War in the Old South is that the Old South's plantation economy was dying out.
在很长的一段时间中,美国学术界和美国课堂,对于这个时代内战前的南方历史,存有一个疑点,就是当时南方的种植园经济正在逐渐衰退
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