We talked about attenuating in the laboratory, using cell culture techniques and what we know about mutating viruses.

我们讲过实验室中,利用细胞培养技术培养减毒疫苗,以及我们所了解的减毒病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You could use cell culture, so you don't have to grow the virus naturally in animals.

你可以利用细胞培养技术,那你就不必在动物身上培养病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A group of scientists, mainly in Boston found, importantly, that they could cultivate the polio virus, the disease causing polio virus; they could cultivate it in cell culture.

在波士顿有一队科学家有了重大发现,他们可以培养脊髓灰质炎病毒,也是就引发小儿麻痹症的病毒,他们可以通过细胞培养来孵育这种病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, if you knew a cell that could serve as a host for a virus, you could use this process of cell culture to make large quantities of virus,right?

如果你知道细胞可以变成病毒的宿主,可以用培养细胞的过程,制造大量病毒,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.

这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They grew the virus in monkey cell cultures, they purified the virus because you got to get all the other stuff from the cells that you're growing it in a way, they inactivated it by treating it with formalin which is just a formula-- it's just a mixture of Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde cross links proteins.

研究人员将病毒种植在猴细胞内,进行培养,并提纯病毒,在某种程度上,通过这种方法,可以得到所有类型的病毒,研究人员用福尔马林,处理病毒,使其灭活,福尔马林就是甲醛的水溶液,甲醛可以使蛋白质发生交联反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选