This is a way for the immune system to recognize things that are going wrong inside the cell protected from antibodies.

这是免疫系统识别,抗体不能识别的细胞内病变的方法

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The name of the molecule isn't important, but it's a molecule that stimulates the heart to produce new blood vessels around it.

这种分子的名字无关紧要,但要知道它能刺激,在病变血管周围生成新血管

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And these bad things could happen through lesions, through tumors, through strokes, through injury.

这些严重的损伤,有可能是由于病变,肿瘤,撞击,或是受伤,而引起的

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

You might be able to tell just by looking at it what was - if there was a disease what was wrong with it.

也许还能看出,这个细胞是否存在病变

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One, developing ways to understand how humans work better, how human physiology operates, and second, developing new approaches for replacing function in people when they're sick.

一,开发新方法更好的了解身体的运作,以及生理过程是怎样发生的,二,当人机体发生病变时,找到方法替代病变器官的功能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Cystic fibrosis is a disease that affects many organ systems, but particularly the lung.

囊胞性纤维症可导致多个器官病变,但尤其是肺部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When you would take the fluid from the cow, and you would inject it underneath the skin of a person you wanted to protect, then at that site where you injected it, you would get a lesion that looked like a smallpox or cowpox lesion.

当你从奶牛上得到脓液,并把脓液注射到想受到保护的,人的皮肤下面,然后在你注射的地方,你会看到像天花或者牛痘一样的病变

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So one way to do this might be to - if you're trying to treat a heart that has disease and usually it's disease in one of the coronary vessels or the blood vessels that serve the heart, that provide blood to the heart.

其中一种方法可以是--,比如你想治疗患病的心脏,病变通常发生在冠状动脉,冠状动脉为心脏服务,为心脏供血的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But what if instead of taking the fluid from a cow, I inoculated--he inoculated me, let's say, and waited until I had the lesion at the right stage, then took some of my fluid and gave it to Brian and Nate and Mirtalla and spread it through the community around me.

但假如不从奶牛那儿取得脓液,假设说是从他那里接种,等到病变程度合适,然后把我的脓液给,布莱恩和纳特还有米特拉,并在我身边的人们之间传播

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The other problem is that as it was passed from me to another individual, to another individual, then the vaccine could change in some ways that were hard to predict because what accumulates in the lesion in my arm is different in some way than what accumulates in the lesion on a cow.

另外一个问题是当疫苗从我这传到另一人,到另一个个体,疫苗可能会发生某些改变,这种改变很难预测,因为胳膊上积累的病变,与牛身上积累的病变是不太一样的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选