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So, there's no absolutes about this, this is a general response where all the features can be different with different pathogens.
这其中并没有明确的规律,免疫应答是普遍存在的,但针对不同的病原体的应答规律各不相同
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So, the antigen we're thinking about is a vaccine particularly designed to elicit immune response against a pathogen.
我们现在考虑的这种抗原,是一种特别设计的疫苗,它能够诱发免疫效应以消灭病原体
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Generally, you think about the immune system protecting against different classes of pathogens and several classes of pathogens are shown on this table.
大体上,你们会认为免疫系统使,我们免受不同种类病原体的侵害,这个表格里介绍了几类病原体
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Learning how to turn on your immune system to protect you from a specific pathogen turns out to be very particular to that pathogen.
它发动你的免疫系统来保护你,免受某种病原体的侵袭,只是针对这种特定病原体
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Its molecules are pieces of molecules often derived from foreign pathogens which stimulate an immune response.
它通常是从激发免疫反应的,外源病原体中分离出的碎片
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The study of immunology is the study of mechanisms that your body uses to protect itself from mainly from foreign pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
免疫学研究身体,采用何种机制来保护自身,免受外源病原体如病毒和细菌的伤害
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It has to be complex, because we're asking the immune system to be able to respond to every potential foreign pathogen that we come into contact with.
免疫系统是十分复杂的,因为我们需要免疫系统,能够对我们身体接触到的,任何潜在的外来病原体进行反应
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Importantly, is able to distinguish foreign molecules from your own molecules.
重中之重是,要将外来病原同自身的分子区别开来
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We'll learn more about that in a moment, but basically it allows the immune system to distinguish between viral and bacterial pathogens, and respond appropriately depending on the type of pathogen that's there.
我们一会儿会学到不少,但基本上说,这样一来免疫系统,就能够分辨出病毒和细菌病原体,并对相应的病原体类型,产生合适的免疫反应
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One of the beautiful things about antibodies is that one your immune system is able to make antibodies against all the thousands, ten thousand, hundred thousand different pathogens that you'll come into contact with in your lifetime.
抗体的一个绝妙之处就在于,你的免疫系统可以分泌抗体来对抗,成千上万的 甚至数以十万计不同病原体,这些病原体都是你一生中可能会遇到的
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On second exposure it's different, that IgG is produced predominantly on second exposure to an antigen.
而再次免疫则不同,再次接触相同的病原体时,人体主要产生的则是IgG
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