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So any time in a molecular orbital diagram you draw in orbitals, you need to draw the corresponding molecular orbitals.
任何时候你在分子轨道图里画轨道，你都要画出相对应的分子轨道。
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Or a painting may strike you in a completely different way that you didn't even see in the first time.
或者一幅画以完全不同的方式给你留下另一种印象，而这个你第一次看的时候甚至没有发现。
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And the trend always is that the probability gets smaller with each of the peaks as you're drawing them.
当你画它们的时候,整体趋势总是每个峰概率越来越小。
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So technically, if you ask what does the velocity stand for-- Let me draw a general situation.
从学术角度来说,如果你问速度表示什么,那让我来给你画一个常见的场景
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Here it goes in the middle, and if you look carefully there, I didn't really make it clear enough, you can see, suddenly a strategy that looked crazy shooting to the middle, that suddenly started to seem okay.
这是中路射门的情况,如果你仔细看,我可能画的不是很清楚,你会发现曾经卖傻似的中路射门法,现在竟然一下子变成香饽饽了
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You said you have a friend who's an artist. Have you ever bought one of their paintings?
你说过你有个朋友是艺术家。你买过他们的画吗？
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Your young brother or sister, or my little children, can draw pictures of family members that barely look like family members.
你的弟弟妹妹或者我的小宝贝们,可以画一些看起来,仅仅有点像家庭成员的画
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Who commissioned these paintings and what they painted tell you who these people thought they were.
那些人下订单并且告诉你所要画的内容,而从这些信息能猜出他们是怎么想自己的
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Now there many ways I can connect these two points together. The simplest way is to draw a straight line. It's called the linear interpolation. My line is not so straight, right here. You could do a different kind of line.
最简单的办法是,像这样画一条直线,这叫线性插值,不过我的这条线画得不太直，你也可以用别的办法,比如一条抛物线。
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If I told you that a DNA sequence went 5' to 3' you could draw the whole thing referring back to these notes, right?
如果我告诉你一个DNA链从5'到3',是AGTG,你就可以,画出它的整个结构
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Have you ever been to the Guggenheim Museum? What do you think of the paintings there?
你去过古根海姆博物馆吗？那儿的画怎么样？
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In other words, if you look too closely at a picture or if you stand too far away from it you don't see it clearly it's out of focus but if you achieve just the right distance from it, it comes into focus.
换句话说，如果你站得离一幅图画太近,或太远都无法看清它,它在焦距之外,但是如果你站在合适的位置上，焦距就对准了，画就清晰了。
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it doesn't really, it doesn't really lean into the room very well. It's just a painting on the wall, and you see it as a painting.
它并不是真的与房间融合得很好。它只是墙上的一幅画，而且你只把它当做一幅画。
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open your textbook and put a circle around question number one.
打开你的课本，在第一个问题上画一个圈。
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When you appreciate paintings, what factors affect you?
你欣赏画的时候，哪些因素会影响到你呢？
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Which one was your favorite painting?
你最喜欢的画是哪一幅？
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OK PROFESSOR: Valence electrons. OK, sometimes you're going to be asked to draw a molecular orbital diagram where you're asked to include all electrons, and sometimes it will specifically say only include valence electrons.
教授：价电子，有时候你画一幅分子轨道图,有时候要求你画出所有的电子，有时候特别要求,只包括价电子。
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I want to finish this discussion by including the anti-bonding orbital, and this is a tip for you when you're drawing your molecular orbital diagrams, any time you draw a bonding orbital, there is also an anti-bonding orbital that exists.
我想要以包含反键轨道,来结束这个讨论，告诉你们一个,画分子轨道图的小技巧，任何时候你画一个成键轨道，都会存在一个反键轨道。
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So it's trigonal because we have these three atoms that are bound to the central atom here, and if you picture it, it's actually shaped like a pyramid.
这里三角形是因为,我们有3个原子核中心原子成键，如果你画它，它就是金字塔形的。
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There's a picture of a horse, a picture of the carriage, all glossy stuff. Then it says, "Treat the horse as a point particle."
这有一幅马的图片,一幅车厢的图片,画得很漂亮,然后告诉你,"把马看做一个质点"
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What you'll actually find in terms of asking your TAs about the Lewis structure rules is that sometimes they won't be as good at them as you are, and the reason is once you've drawn enough of these structures, you start to get a lot of chemical intuition about it just looks wrong to you if it's wrong.
其实如果大家去问助教,路易斯结构的规则是什么的话,你会发现他们有时候可能并不比你们记得更清楚，因为一旦你画过足够多的路易斯结构，你就会开始获得很多化学直觉,如果它是错的，那么对你来说它看起来就是错的。
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Something I'll also point out as you see these dashed line that tell you where the individual molecular orbitals are arising from, as you get to higher and higher atomic numbers of molecules that you're making, it makes a lot more sense to look at a diagram when you draw these dotted lines in, because they can start to get a little bit confusing.
我要指出的是，你们看这些虚线,它们告诉你,每个分子轨道的起源是什么，当你的原子数,越来越高的时候，画出这些点线,使图更容易理解，因为现在开始变得有一点混乱了。
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I have the skeletal structure written up there, I've written it twice and you'll see why in a minute.
我已经把它的骨架结构画在上面了，我画了两遍，等会你就会知道为什么。
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Or, you cycle through all the great art museums in the world and you say, "Yeah, I've seen these Picassos.
或者你游遍各地艺术馆,你会说“是的，我见过毕加索风格的画。
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As shown in this cartoon here, again you don't need to know the details of this, but if you're interested in knowing what's the biological bases of the genetic code this is it.
像这个动画里画的那样,这里你也不需要了解细节,不过如果你很有兴趣想知道,遗传密码的生物学基础
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So when you go ahead and draw these on your problem-sets or on your exams, it's a good idea to put these dashed lines in, both for you and for people reading it to see exactly where your molecular orbitals are coming from.
所以当你在做课后题,或者考试的时候要画这些图时，最好把这些虚线放进去，既方便你自己也方便别人知道,这些分子轨道是从哪里来的。
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But what really happens is as you go on in chemistry, you draw so many of these you can just draw them without following the rules.
但是随着你在化学上的深入，你会画很多路易斯结构,以至于你可以不用管这些规则就能直接画出来。
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It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.
它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。
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And again, I want you to have practiced drawing these out in the form you always need to start with the sigma and then write the number of the orbital.
同样的，我希望你们,练习画这种图,你总是要从sigma开始,然后写出轨道数目。
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You can draw the arrow corresponding to A.
你可以先画一个表示 A 的箭头
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