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And in this case, the tie-breaker goes to the molecule in which the negative charge is on the most electronegative atom.
而在这种情况下，我们需要进行“附加赛“,也就是看看分子中带有负的,形式电荷的原子是不是电负性最高的。
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Sometimes we have a very electronegative atom that's going to take more of its equal share of electron density.
有时候我们会有一个电负性很高的原子,它将会获取更多的共用电子密度。
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He introduced the concept of electronegativity which was a measure, therefore, it is quantitative, of the atom's ability to attract electrons within a covalent bond and developed a scale of electronegativity.
他引入了电负性这一概念,一个反映着原子在成共价键时吸引电子的能力的数据标度，因此这是数量上的，在共价电子中,电子原子能吸引电子,并发展为一定规模的电负性。
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if we think about electronegativity as a periodic trend we can just draw our nice periodic table here, and let's separate it into quadrants.
如果我们来思考一下电负性的周期性规律,我们可以把我们漂亮的周期表画在这，然后把它分成四个象限。
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All right, so it's very common to talk about electronegativity of different atoms, and you can look up tables of these.
好，这是很常见的,对于不同原子电负性的讨论，大家可以查阅这方面的表格。
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So that means that the more stable molecule is going to be this molecule here, which actually puts the negative charge on be more electronegative atom.
因此这意味着更稳定的分子,应该是这一个，它真正把负的电荷放到了,电负性更高的原子上。
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So, if we compare the sulfur to the oxygen, the oxygen it turns out is more electronegative and that is what holds the negative charge in this molecule.
因此，如果我们来比一下硫和氧，氧应该有更高的电负性,而在这个分子中它确实有负的电荷。
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You see the difference in electronegativity, square it, multiply it by one-quarter and raise that to the power e.
你看到了电负性的差异，开方，乘以四分之一,在移到e上去做指数。
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And in contrast, in the lower left hand part of the periodic table, these 2 quantities are low, so also what we're going to see is low electronegativity.
相反地，在周期表的左下部分，这两个量的值都很小，因此我们会看到这里的电负性也很低。
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We talked about ionization energy, electron affinity, we talked about electronegativity, which is just kind of a combination of the first two, and then ended with atomic radius here.
我们讲了电离能的，电子亲和能的，还讲了电负性的，也就是前两个的组合，最后讲了原子半径的。
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So, in contrast, if it has a low electronegativity, this then is going to be an electron donor.
那么，相反地，如果它的电负性很低，它将会是一个电子的施主。
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Well, let's see something really crazy with electronegativity.
让我们看一些东西,关于电负性的。
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And this looks a lot like the average valence electron energy where the lowest values of electronegativity are in the metallic zone and the highest values of electronegativity are on the nonmetallic zone.
这看起来像是平均电子能,最低的电负性在,金属区最高的电负性在,非电子区。
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And, this is the difference in electronegativity between the two elements, all right?
就是在两个元素之间的,电负性的差别？
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So we need to go to this second case where we're instead going to think about electronegativity, and we want to think about which atom is the most electronegative.
因此我们需要转到这个第二种情况,来考虑一下电负性，我们需要想想哪个原子的电负性是最高的。
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if we have a very electronegative atom within a certain molecule, what you'll actually find is that it does affect how the molecule is going to take place or take part in different chemical or biological reactions.
如果在某个分子中有一个电负性很高的原子，你会发现它确实会影响到,这个分子所起的作用,在不同的化学反应或者生物反应中时。
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So if we think about the upper right hand part of the quadrant, well, this is where we're going to have high electron affinity and high ionization energy, so we're also going to see high electronegativity here.
那么让我们来看看右上方的部分，好，在这里我们将会有高的电子亲和能,与高的电离能，因此我们会看到这里的电负性也很高。
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Often what you'll see is not a table based on this definition, but something that's called the Pauling definition of electronegativity, but it's exactly the same idea and the same trend as this more numerical way to think about what the meaning of electronegativity is.
通常你看到的表格一般都不是基于这种定义的，而是基于,鲍林定义的电负性，但在意义上是相同的，并且满足同样的周期性规律,当和这种这种更数值化地理解电负性的定义,作对比时。
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And so, this is a schematic of the electronegativity scale.
因此，这是电负性大小的示意图。
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So carbon is to the right of hydrogen, this is more electronegative.
碳在氢的右边，所以它较氢更是电负性的。
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And the functionality goes as the square of the difference in electronegativity.
这个公式的泛函性与电负性之差,的平方成比例。
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So, when we're talking about the idea of electronegativity, essentially what we're talking about is the ability for an atom to attract electron density from another atom.
那么，当我们在讨论电负性这一概念的时候，本质上我们讨论的是一个原子的吸引能力,用来吸引另一个原子的电子密度的。
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This should make sense because if something has a low ionization energy, that means it's not very electronegative, which means it's going to be a lot happier giving up electron density, which is essentially what you're doing -- when you're forming covalent bonds is you're sharing some of your electron density.
这应该是合理的,因为如果某物的电离能很低，这也就意味着它的电负性也不高，那么它就会更愿意,放弃一定的电子密度，而本质上这正是你在,形成共价键时所需要做的,分享你的一些电子密度。
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Which of those two is more electronegative? The oxygen.
它们两个中哪个有更高的电负性？氧。
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Cesium versus gold is the same delta electronegativity difference.
铯和金,具有相同的电负性差。
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And to measure the intensity of unequal sharing, we take the difference in electronegativity, which I am going to use the Greek symbol chi for.
要度量非平均的程度，我们考虑电负性的差异，我要用希腊语第22个字母chi来表示电负性。
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And if we talk about what's going on in areas, or with atoms that have high electronegativity, and we think about whether they're electron donors or electron acceptors, what would you expect for an atom that has high electronegativity?
如果我们要讨论这片区域的情况，或者说讨论这些电负性很高的原子，我们会把它们想象成电子的施主,还是受主？,大家认为哪一种,是电负性很高的原子？
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But you need to be able to predict what kind of properties a certain atom's going to have within a molecule, whether you're talking about something, for example, that's very electronegative, or something that is not electronegative at all, it is going to make a difference in terms of thinking about how molecules are structured and also how they interact with other molecules.
但是你需要能够预言，什么性质,某个原子在分子中能够具有，无论你讨论的是哪一种情况，比如，它有很高的电负性，还是它根本没有电负性，都将会产生影响,对这个分子的结构,以及与其它分子相互作用的情况。
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So, if you can flip your lecture notes over and just write on the blank space, we're going to cover electronegativity first here, and specifically, you can go back and fill this in to your lecture 9 notes, if you want to stay organized, but I just suggest just writing it on lecture 10 notes now and going back.
因此，请大家把讲义翻到背面,就在空白处做一下笔记，我们要先讲一讲电负性，特别提醒一下，大家可以,回到第九课的讲义并把这些记在那里，如果你想保持条理性的话,但是我建议大家先写在第十课的讲义上,回去再记到第九课的讲义上。
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So, he assumed, he referenced or normalized everything to fluorine.
所以他假设，将以用F作为一个标准,来估算其他元素的电负性。
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