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But it is interesting. Let's just, for an order of magnitude say what happens for ground state electron in atomic hydrogen?
但行星模型其实挺有趣的，按照重要的先后顺序，我们来猜想一下,氢原子中的基态电子会发生些什么？
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with the world becoming more interconnected and more electronic, I think it will be, it will only get bigger.
随着世界的联系更紧密，更电子化，我觉得会的，只会更大。
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OK, so we've got UV light here, and let's see what we can see, and we lose electrons, if that's what's happening.
好了，我们已经有了紫外光源，让我们来看看能观察到什么，如果那些事情发生了，我们将会失去电子。
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The positive force of attraction of the electrons on the outside is greater and greater, and that pulls everything in.
所以对外层电子的吸引力,会越来越强，把电子们都向内吸引。
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So if you think about the way something like, say, Mapquest works, and last week in recitation you looked at the fact that shortest path is exponential.
所以如果你想想电子地图，还有上周学的列举法,你就会发现一般最简单的方法,都是指数递增的。
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Somebody told me, by the way, that the sample concept sheet that we have listed on the website couldn't be downloaded, so we'll fix that, but we'll also send you out by email a sample concept sheet, along with guidelines for how to prepare them.
有人告诉我,顺便说下,网站上所列的观点报告范例不能下载,我们会进行修复的,同时我们也会通过电子邮件将范例报告,以及备写指南一并发给你们
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We'll then take a turn to talking about the periodic table, we'll look at a bunch of periodic trends, including ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic radius.
然后我们再开始讲元素周期表，我们会看到很多周期性规律，比如电离能，电子亲和能，电负性以及原子半径。
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That energy will be absorbed by the hydrogen atom, n=1 the electron will rise from n equals one n=2 to n equals two.
这能量将会被氢原子吸收，这个电子会从,上升到。
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So, that's actually the electron configuration we have when we're talking about copper and some other exceptions in the periodic table that you're going to be looking at.
因此，这才是铜原子真正的电子排布,而且我们在元素周期表中,会看到与铜原子类似的,其他例外的情况。
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So this is not going to be a favorable process, we're going to find that the electron affinity is actually a negative 7 kilojoules per mole for nitrogen.
因此这并不是一个容易发生的过程，我们会发现氮的电子亲和能,应该是负的，7，千焦每摩尔。
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So a plus two ion means that we're removing two electrons from the atom and the electrons that we're going to remove are always going to be the highest energy electrons.
一个2价正离子,我们要移除的两个电子,我们要移除的两个电子,将会是,最高能量的电子。
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So we can do this essentially for any atom we want, we just have more and more wave functions that we're breaking it up to as we get to more and more electrons.
所以我们基本上对，任何一个原子都可以这么做,我们仅仅会有越来越多的波函数,因为我们将它分为越来越多的电子。
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And what we would see if we were graphing, for example, increasing kinetic energy, is we would see 1 line corresponding to each of these energies of electrons that we see coming out.
如果我们将它画出来会看到，比如以动能增加的顺序，这里一条线就对应着,一个出射电子可能带有的动能中的一种。
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And if we do, in fact, hit it with light to get the electrons off, it will go back to the straight up in position, or if it gets knocked hard enough it does that, too.
而且如果我们这么做，事实上，用光轰击它以逐出电子，它就会在原位置沿直线返回，或者如果它被撞击的足够猛烈,也会出现上述现象。
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I left out the noble gases here because they do something a little bit special, and actually, I'm going to give you one last clicker question today to see if you can tell me what you think noble gases do.
我并没有把稀有气体算在里面,因为它们的电子亲和能有点特别，实际上，我将会把这作为今天的,最后一个选择题，来请大家告诉我,你们觉得稀有气体电子亲和能应该是怎样的。
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So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.
因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。
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Not only are we taking away an electron here, but we're also going to decrease shielding, so the electrons that are already in there are going to feel a higher z effective and will be pulling and the atom will be getting smaller.
这不只是因为我们拿走了一个电子，还因为我们这样做会减小屏蔽效应，这样留下的电子,将会感受到更大的有效核电量,也就会感受到更强的吸引力，使得原子变得更小。
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So, in contrast, if it has a low electronegativity, this then is going to be an electron donor.
那么，相反地，如果它的电负性很低，它将会是一个电子的施主。
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So you might ask in terms of when you're writing electron configurations, which way should you write it.
所以你们可能会问当你们,在写电子构型的时候，在写电子构型的时候。
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What you saw, what we've done a lot of is drawing the electron configurations for different atoms, we can do the same thing for a molecule.
你们会看到，我们已经画过很多,不同原子的电子构型，我们也可以对分子做同样的事情。
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If you multiply entry 23, which is 13.6 electron volts I will show you what the electron volt is in a few minutes. We will just put it up here prematurely. But that is given in your chart.
如果乘上第23个常量，代表13。6电子伏,接下来我就会向你们说明什么是电子伏,我们先提前把它提出来,但那只是放在你们的图表中。
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There's five electrons So what you'll notice here is that I only filled in 3 electrons.
它有5个电子,你们这里会注意到我只填了3个电子。
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This should make sense because if something has a low ionization energy, that means it's not very electronegative, which means it's going to be a lot happier giving up electron density, which is essentially what you're doing -- when you're forming covalent bonds is you're sharing some of your electron density.
这应该是合理的,因为如果某物的电离能很低，这也就意味着它的电负性也不高，那么它就会更愿意,放弃一定的电子密度，而本质上这正是你在,形成共价键时所需要做的,分享你的一些电子密度。
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So what we're doing is filling in those eight electrons following the Aufbau principle, so our first electron is 1s going to go in the 1 s, and then we have no other options for other orbitals that are at that same energy, 1s so we put the second electron in the 1 s as well.
它会是什么样子呢,我们正在做的是将这8个电子按照奥弗,堡原理进行填充,所以我们第一个电子将会进入，然后我们没有其他的,轨道的选择在同一个能级，所以我们把第二个电子也放入。
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If you think about what happens when we go from hydrogen to helium, now instead of one electron, we have to describe two electrons, so now we have six position variables that we need to plug into our Schrodinger equation.
如果你们考虑,当我们从氢到氦会发生些什么，现在我们不是要描述一个电子，我们将要描述两个电子，所有我们现在将有6个位置变量,需要加入至薛定谔方程。
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So, shielding happens when you have more than one electron in an atom, and the reason that it's happening is because you're actually canceling out some of that positive charge from the nucleus or that attractive force with a repulsive force between two electrons.
所以当你们在原子中有多于一个电子,屏蔽就会发生，它之所以会发生的原因是,你们实际上抵消了,一些来自原子核的正电荷,或者来自吸引力,在两个电子之间。
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And since we have two bars that are together like this, once they're both loaded up with electrons there's going to be negative charges that repel, so the electrons will want to get as far away as possible, and they're on their slow way to doing that, to getting as far away from each other as possible.
因为我们有两个棒像这样在一起，一旦它们加载了电子,就会因为有负电荷而排斥，所以这些电子就会,互相离开的尽可能远，它们的这个过程很慢，离开的尽可能远。
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I am going to say if that electron is to stay in its orbit, that is to say it doesn't flee the atom, it doesn't collapse under the nucleus then the sum of the forces on the electron must be zero No net force. And so that will be the sum of a dynamic force plus an electrostatic.
如果电子会保持在它的轨道上运行,既不脱离原子的话，它就不会由于原子核对它的吸引力而被瓦解掉,电子所受的合力一定为零,由于没有合力,所以电子所受力为动态力和静电力的总和。
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We give you a very rich table of constants that's got all kinds of things from the mass of the electron to the speed of light, and all this stuff to the requisite number of significant figures. And, in addition, you are allowed to take in one sheet of paper, 8 1/2 x 11 one sheet 8 1/2 x 11, you can write anything you want on it.
我们会给你一个很详实的常量表,将会涉及很多方面，从元素的电子,到光速，这些内容到有效数字的定量,还有，你们可以带来一张纸，纸的规格是，可以写任何你们想写的东西。
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