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So, if we hybridize just these three orbitals, what we're going to end up with is our s p 2 hybrid orbitals.
我们会看到现在有3个未配对的电子，可以成键。
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So, electron promotion does not happen in terms of nitrogen, because it would not increased our number of unpaired electrons.
这里对于氮原子不会有电子激发，因为这不会增加,未配对电子的数目。
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And again, we have the pairing of the unpaired electrons, and we have two orbitals coming together.
同样，我们有未配对电子的配对，我们有两个轨道结合。
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No matter what we do in terms of promotion, we're always going to have three unpaired electrons.
不管我们怎么激发，我们总有3个未配对的电子。
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So we can bring in four hydrogen atoms, which will each contribute another unpaired electron.
我们可以引入4个氢原子，每个贡献一个未配对的电子。
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So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.
利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。
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But what we see we have is that we only have two unpaired electrons here.
但我们看到,我们只有两个未配对的电子。
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Essentially what you have is bonds resulting from the pairing of unpaired electrons.
本质上就是由于,未配对电子配对导致的成键。
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So now what we have is four unpaired electrons.
现在我们有4个未配对电子。
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s -- we don't have to hybridize it, it already has only one unpaired electron in a 1 s orbital.
s-我们不用杂化它，它已经有而且仅有一个未配对电子在s轨道里。
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H2 So the simplest case we can think of is with h 2 where we have two unpaired electrons, each in a 1 s orbital of a separate h atom.
最容易想到的例子是2,我们有两个未配对电子，每个都在一个分开的1s轨道上。
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And what I want to point out that we just figured out for molecular orbital theory, is that o 2 is a biradical, because remember, the definition of a radical is when we have an unpaired electron.
我要指出的是,我们刚利用分子轨道理论，指导了O2是二价自由基，因为记住，自由基的定义是,有个未配对的电子。
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Because we have paired set in a 2 s orbital, so all we're left essentially is two electrons that are available for bonding.
因为我们有一对，在2s轨道里已经配对了,所以只剩下两个电子可以用来成键。
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You can see that we have two unpaired electrons in this molecule here one in the pi 2 p x star, and one in the pi 2 p y star orbital.
你们可以看到我们这个,分子力有两个未配对电子,一个在π2px星，一个在π2py星轨道。
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But it doesn't actually cost as much energy as you might think, because in this s orbital here we have a paired electron situation where we're moving up to a p orbital where the electron is no longer paired, so it won't feel quite as much electron repulsion, but nonetheless, this is going to cost us energy.
但它消耗的并没有,你们想象的那么多,因为s轨道里我们电子是配对的,当我们把，电子移到p轨道,电子不再配对，所以它不会感受到那么多的电子排斥，但尽管如此，这个过程还是要消耗能量的。
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So if we take our carbon atom here, which has two electrons in the 2 s orbital, and we promote one of these electrons into a 2 p orbital, what we see now is that yes, we do, we have four unpaired electrons.
这是碳原子，2s轨道里有两个电子，我们把一个电子激发到2p轨道里，我们看到现在，是的，我们有4个未配对电子。
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So if we still have an angle of a 109 . 5 degrees, and again, we still have four unpaired electrons available for bonding, we can make one of those bonds with another s p 3 hybridized carbon, so we're going to make up one pair here.
如果键角仍然是109。,同样，我们还有4个未配对的电子可以用来成键，我们可以用其中的一个,和另外一个sp3杂化碳原子成键，这样我们可以组成一对。
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