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And Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.
而泡利认为在一个给定的系统内,没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
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He has two electrons here with the same set of quantum numbers. B but these are two separate hydrogen atoms.
因为我写了两个量子数,一样的电子,但这是在两个不同原子中啊。
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OK, great. So, most of you recognize that there are four different possibilities of there's four different electrons that can have those two quantum numbers.
Ｋ，大部分都认为,有４个不同的可能,有四个不同的电子可以有,这两个量子数。
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So, we could also plot the number of electrons that are ejected as a relationship to the intensity, so that was yet another experiment they could do.
我们还可以画出出射,电子数和光强的关系，这是他们做的。
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But at the time, they didn't have a well-formed name for it, they were just saying OK, there's this fourth quantum number, there's this intrinsic property in the electron.
但在那时，人们没有给它取名，他们只是说ｏｋ，这是第四个量子数，这是电子的本征性质，
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Well, we're talking about a pretty high number here, so to make counting easier, we'll just say 10 lone pairs, because 20 lone pair electrons is the same thing as 10 lone pairs.
好吧，我们这里讨论的是一个挺大的数，为了数起来更容易，我们就说有十对孤对电子，因为二十个跟十对是一个意思。
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This is the second ionization energy. That is to say the ionization energy of the second most electron.
这是二级电离能，这就是说,电子数第二多的电离能。
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The number of electrons in an atom is deduced to be approximately equal to half the atomic weight.
原子中的电子数,将近是原子质量的一般。
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Yeah. So we have two orbitals, or four electrons that can have that set of quantum numbers.
嗯，有我们有两个轨道，也就是４个电子可以有这套量子数。
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Now the last thing is that because the neutron has no net charge, we can change neutron number.
现在，最后一件事是,因为中子没有净电子，我们可以改变中子数。
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1/2 And we have the spin quantum number 2 as plus 1/2 for electron one, -1/2 and minus 1/2 for the electron two.
我们有自旋量子数,对于电子，我们有自旋量子数。
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So carbon 12. We know that it has the proton number, by definition, is 6. And the neutron number, 6 from 12 is 6. So it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
所以碳12，我们知道它有质子数，根据定义，那就是6，而电子数，12减6等于6，所以它有6个中子。
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So you'll notice in your problem-set, sometimes you're asked for a number of orbitals with a set of quantum numbers, sometimes you're asked for a number of electrons for a set of quantum numbers.
希望你们在做习题的时候注意到，有时候问的是拥有,一套量子数的轨道数，有时候问的是拥有一套,量子数的电子数。
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So similarly, as we now move up only one more atom in the table, 3 so to an atomic number of three or lithium, now we're going from six variables all the way to nine variables.
类似地就像我们现在,移动到周期表中仅仅多一个电子的情况，移动到一个原子数为，或者锂元素,现在我们从6个变量到了9个变量。
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So there's two different orbitals that can have these three quantum numbers, but if we're talking about electrons, we can also talk about m sub s, so if we have two orbitals, how many electrons can we have total?
所以有两个轨道可以有,这三个量子数，但如果我们讲的是电子，我们还要考虑ｍ小标ｓ,如果我们有两个轨道，一共有多少个电子呢？
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So any time that you're drawing these molecular orbital diagrams you want to keep in mind that the number of electrons that you have in atomic orbitals, you need to add those together and put that many electrons into your molecule.
任何时候当你们画分子轨道图时,你们要记住,原子轨道里的电子数，你要把它们加在一起,并放到分子轨道里去。
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What you see is that the radius changes with atomic number for constant electron number.
对于等电子数的粒子，离子半径随着,原子数的变化而变化。
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Maybe not. It has no protons, so therefore, it has no electrons Because proton number equals electron number, which means if it has no protons 0 its atomic number is zero.
也可能不会，这个元素没有质子，因此，也没有电子,因为质子数等于电子数，意味着它没有质子,它的原子序数为。
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So each electron has a distinct set of quantum numbers, the first important idea.
每个电子的量子数,是不尽不同的，对于这第一个重要观点。
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And this is a very high number because it depends upon electron-electron repulsion.
这个数很大,因为这取决于电子电子之间的排斥力。
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The same number of electrons, but the number of protons keeps going up, up, up.
他们都是等电子，但是质子数在增加。
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That makes sense because we know that every single electron has to have its own distinct set of four quantum numbers, the only way that we can do that is to have a maximum of two spins in any single orbital or two electrons per orbital.
那个讲得通,因为我们知道每一个电子,都有它自己独特的量子数,我们能做的唯一方式是,在任一单个轨道中最多有两个自旋电子,或者每个轨道有两个电子。
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Again, we see the same effect as we go into different rows as well.
电子数加倍的时候出现的,类似地，我们在其它行中也会遇到这样的情况。
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So for the bond order we want to take 1/2 of the total number of bonding electrons, so that's going to be 4 minus anti-bonding is 4, so we end up getting a bond order that's equal to 0.
键序等于1/2乘以,总的成键电子数，也就是4，减去反键电子数，也就是4。,所以最后得到键序为0。
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All right, so I did this not at all purposely, but this can point out for you that you need to make sure that the number of electrons that you have in your molecular orbital does match up with the total number that you have in your atomic orbitals.
我并不是故意这么做的，但这告诉我们必须要保证,分子轨道里的电子数,和原子轨道里的,总电子数能对上。
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And this is what they had expected that there would be no relationship, but instead here they saw that there was a linear relationship not to the intensity and the kinetic energy of the electrons, but to the intensity and the number of electrons.
另外一个实验,他们预期这两者没有关系,但他们看到的不是,光强和电子动能的,线性关系，而是光强,和电子数的线性关系。
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So we can completely describe an orbital with just using three quantum numbers, but we have this fourth quantum number that describes something about the electron that's required for now a complete description of the electron, and that's the idea of spin.
所以我们可以用３个,量子数完全刻画轨道，但我们有这第四个量子数,来完整的,描述电子，这就是自旋的概念。
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Chloride minus. Isoelectronic with argon.
氯离子，与氩的电子数相同。
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And the electrical energy is the product of the charge on the electron times the voltage which is the potential difference through which the electron was accelerated. And so this allows me to, by increasing the voltage, increase the energy on the electron.
电子能量是电子上的电荷数,乘以电压的结果,这是种内在的差距,通过它电子运动得以加速，这也让我，通过增强电压，来增加电子能量。
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Pauli So, here, Pauli came out on top, we say, and he's known for the Pauli exclusion principle, which tells us that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers.
在这里是，他因为Pauli不相容原理而出名，这个原理是说同一个原子中的两个电子,不能有相同的第四量子数。
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