So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.

所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And so when they become very, very closely spaced there is mutual repulsion of those electrons.

所以当它们越来越近的时候,这些电子会产生相互的排斥力。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And shielding is a little bit of a misnomer because it's not actually that's the electron's blocking the charge from another electron, it's more like you're canceling out a positive attractive force with a negative repulsive force.

屏蔽有一点点用词不当,因为它事实上不是,电子阻挡了来自另一个电子的电荷,它更像你在用一个负排斥力，抵消一个正吸引力,但是屏蔽是考虑这个问题,的很好的方式。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And this is a very high number because it depends upon electron-electron repulsion.

这个数很大,因为这取决于电子电子之间的排斥力。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

That's the huge force that we're talking about in terms of making a bond stable, but there are also repulsive forces, so you can imagine we're going to have electron-electron repulsion between the two electrons if we're bringing them closer together.

正是这个非常强的力,使得我们所讨论的这个键能够稳定存在，但是其中还有排斥力存在，大家可以想象一下,我们会有电子与电子之间的排斥力,如果让它们离得更近。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Beyond a modest distance you don't feel the electron-electron repulsion.

在一个适中的距离,你感觉不到电子之间的排斥力。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

This intuitively should make a lot of sense, because we know we're trying to minimize electron repulsions to keep things in as low an energy state as possible, so it makes sense that we would put one electron in each orbital first before we double up in any orbital.

这个直观上讲得通，因为我们知道尝试去最小化电子排斥力,从而尽可能的保持处于一个较低的能态,所以它讲得通,在我们在同一个轨道放入两个电子之前,我们首先把电子放入每一个轨道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And since we have two bars that are together like this, once they're both loaded up with electrons there's going to be negative charges that repel, so the electrons will want to get as far away as possible, and they're on their slow way to doing that, to getting as far away from each other as possible.

因为我们有两个棒像这样在一起，一旦它们加载了电子,就会因为有负电荷而排斥，所以这些电子就会,互相离开的尽可能远，它们的这个过程很慢，离开的尽可能远。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But actually there is a little bit of an energy cost into doubling up into a single orbital, because, of course, it takes energy when you create more electron repulsion, that's not something we want to do, but we have to do it here, and it turns out that that effect predominates over, again, the energy that we gain by increasing the atomic number by one.

但实际上，在一个轨道上放两个电子,确实会亏损一点能量，因为，当你加入更多电子，引起更大的排斥能,这显然会消耗能量，这不是我们想要做的，但是在这种情况下我们不得不做，结果这一影响，超过了增加一个,原子序数所得到的能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But it doesn't actually cost as much energy as you might think, because in this s orbital here we have a paired electron situation where we're moving up to a p orbital where the electron is no longer paired, so it won't feel quite as much electron repulsion, but nonetheless, this is going to cost us energy.

但它消耗的并没有,你们想象的那么多,因为s轨道里我们电子是配对的,当我们把，电子移到p轨道,电子不再配对，所以它不会感受到那么多的电子排斥，但尽管如此，这个过程还是要消耗能量的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选