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And you would find that the bond energy of the heteronuclear molecule was nowhere on the average of the two.
你将发现,电子相同的分子的总能量,并不是平分的。
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So the probability of having an electron at the nucleus in terms of probability per volume is very, very high.
在单位体积内发现,一个电子的概率非常非常大。
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So if you think about the way something like, say, Mapquest works, and last week in recitation you looked at the fact that shortest path is exponential.
所以如果你想想电子地图，还有上周学的列举法,你就会发现一般最简单的方法,都是指数递增的。
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Well, if it is a good electron donor in an electron transfer reaction, if the same element finds itself in a covalent bond, it is going to be a good electron donor, although it is not full transfer.
如果它是一个在电子反应中,的好捐赠者，如果相同电子发现他在共价电子里，它将成为一个好的捐赠者，虽然没有完全转换。
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So this is not going to be a favorable process, we're going to find that the electron affinity is actually a negative 7 kilojoules per mole for nitrogen.
因此这并不是一个容易发生的过程，我们会发现氮的电子亲和能,应该是负的，7，千焦每摩尔。
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And when we do that we can see this curve, this probability curve, where we have a maximum probability of finding the electron this far away from the nucleus.
当我们这样做时，我们可以看到这个曲线，这个概率分布曲线，这里有发现,电子的最大概率。
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But what we're saying is there's a node here, so that there's no probability of finding an electron between those two points.
但我们说在节点这里，这两点是,不可能发现电子的。
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H- *H + e-> H-* And, clearly, we can't do both.
到一个电子生成*,但我们发现我们不能同时做到两个。
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So, if we took the case of nitrogen, if we add an electron to nitrogen and go to n minus, we find that the change in energy is 7 kilojoules per mole.
如果我们以氮为例，如果我们给氮增加个电子令它变成-1价的氮，我们会发现能量的变化是，7，千焦每摩尔。
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We are going to have to stop doing that because we cannot find an individual electron.
我们正要停止那么做,因为无法发现一个独立电子。
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They did this in Bell Laboratories, and they found that, in fact, the electrons did diffract.
他们在贝尔实验室完成了这项工作，他们发现实际上，电子确实发生了衍射。
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So, the father gets a Nobel Prize for showing that an electron is a particle, and the son says, well, what can I do to top that?
他的父亲因为发现电子是粒子,而拿到了诺贝尔奖，那么儿子说，好，我能做些什么超越父亲的发现呢？
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So, this is actually kind of neat to point out, because we all remember J.J. Thomson Thomson J J Thomson from our second lecture, and J.J. Thomson got a Nobel Prize in 1906 for showing that electrons exist in that they are particles.
所以，这个确实需要要指出，因为我们都记得第二堂课,讲到的,因为发现了电子具有粒子性,在1906年获得了诺贝尔奖。
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So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.
这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。
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So, basically what we're saying is if we take any shell that's at some distance away from the nucleus, we can think about what the probability is of finding an electron at that radius, and that's the definition we gave to the radial probability distribution.
本质上我们说的就是,如果我们在距离原子核,某处取一个壳层，我们可以考虑在这个半径处,发现电子的概率，这就是我们给出的,径向概率密度的定义。
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Because these things are unpaired, we have already seen how unpaired electrons play a role in the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
因为它们都是未成对的，我们已经发现,在Stern-Gerlach实验中,未成对电子扮演怎样一个角色了。
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So you don't want to put in a negative energy, that's not going to help you out, you need to put in positive energy to get an electron out of the system. So that's why you'll find binding energies are always negative, and ionization energies are always going to be positive, or you could look at the equation and see it from there as well.
因为这对电离没有帮助,你需要一个正的能量,使得电子脱离这个系统,这就是为什么你会发现,结合能总是负的而电离能总是正的,或者你们看这个方程也可以发现这一点。
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So we can compare the two electron configurations, and we can actually think about what we figure out from them, we see that two are lowered in energy, two electrons are raised in energy, so we have no net gain or no net loss in energy for h e 2.
我们可以比较两种电子构型，我们可以考虑,我们发现这，两个电子能量变低，两个电子能量升高，所以在He2里没有净的能量得失。
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