Hartman describes Milton's tendency in Paradise Lost, and he takes this term from Coleridge: the tendency to stand ab extra, to stand from outside.
哈特曼描述了弥尔顿在中的写作趋向,并且从柯勒律治那里借用了这个习语:,由外而内俯视自身的趋势。
and he flies all these people in from all over the country and pays for everything.
他从世界各地将歌手请到这里来,所有开销由他来出。
And in that sense, in another intellection, in the beginning was and is the word.
从这种角度来讲,我们的思想是由语言开始的。
I want to start with an article, which-- mention an article by Backus, Kydland, and Kehoe-- actually Backus, Kehoe, and Kydland, three economists.
我将从一篇论文讲起-,这一篇论文由巴克斯,基德兰德和凯赫合著的论文-,实际上是巴克斯,凯赫和基德兰德,三位经济学家。
Maybe they emerged from within, rather than being established by peoples immigrating from without.
也许他们是从内部崛起的,而不是由从外部迁徙而至的人建立。
They had to go from Italy, because much of Italy was controlled by Spain, through the Alps all the way up along the Rhine and finally get into the Dutch Republic.
他们不得不穿过意大利,因为当时许多意大利地区正由西班牙控制,他们从阿尔卑斯山一路,沿着莱茵河,最终深入荷兰共和国腹地
These are sort of flailing away at different ideas but another way of doing--an older way is proposed by Plato, who viewed laughter as a form of bonding against a common enemy.
我现在说的都是各种猜想,但从另一个角度看,一个古老的角度,这是由柏拉图提出的,他认为笑是一种巩固感情的形式,对抗共同的敌人。
The armies that they were opposing, the French armies, were largely staffed by peasants from conservative areas, or from National Guards brought in from towns like Vannes, And, so, the commune--it's somewhat semi-proletarian, they're mostly working people.
他们所对抗的军队,也就是法国的军队,大部分是由保守郊区的农民,或是从诸如瓦纳,埃夫勒,所以,这些公社,有点半无产阶级的感觉,大部分都是有工作的人们
Everybody knows that all those heroes are there because they want to be and they want to be there, so that they can earn both the wealth that can be taken from a defeated city, but even more important, the kind of fame and glory that comes with such deeds.
我们都知道,所有去战斗的英雄们,都是自愿的,他们想去战斗是因为,他们可以赢得从战败的城市获得的财富,更重要的是,由这些功绩带来的名望和荣誉
And the ode, too -- the form in which this poem is written is a pagan form invented by the Greek poet Pindar to express the sublimities of emotion arising from a contemplation of the actions of the gods.
而颂歌这首诗的形式,是由希腊抒情诗人品达尔发明,来抒发从思考上帝的行为中,得到的崇高情感。
And at first this was done by Davidson and Germer, and they were American scientists who tried diffracting electrons from a nickel crystal.
这个实验首先是由,美国科学家Davidson和Germer完成的,他们尝试从镍晶体中衍射电子。
So what's going to form the backbone is this continual link, phosphate to sugar, phosphate to sugar, phosphate to sugar, all linked together to form one long, long molecule.
主链是由这样重复的连接构成的,从磷酸到戊糖,周而复始,所有这些连接起来构成一个长链分子
They want to know where it comes from, who grew it in some cases, how many miles it got transported, what was put on the food as it was being produced, what was given to the animals or injected into them as the beef was coming out, or the pork, or the chicken and these will be very interesting topics to discuss.
人们希望知道食物从何而来,由谁种植的,从多远的地方运过来,在加工过程中,在食物中添加了什么,人们看到牛肉,猪肉或鸡肉时,会想知道这些动物,都被注射了什么,这些话题讨论起来都会很有意思
This represents the upright struts on a ladder that I showed you before, it represents this backbone that's shown by - that's formed by polymerizing the pentose's together through phosphate's always going 5' to 3', 5' to 3'.
线条代表梯子,上下的支柱 之前给你们演示过,代表由多聚戊糖分子,通过磷酸基从5'端向3'端方向,连接起来的主链
You can say a polymer of DNA, for example, is four bases long, that means it has four of these repeat units and they go in the sequence from 5' to 3' of .
打个比方,要描述一个由,四个核苷酸单位构成的寡聚DNA,就是说它由四个核苷酸单位构成,并且从5'端到3'端的顺序为
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