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So we looked last time at the oddity, the peculiarity, of Milton's choice of genre here, the pastoral genre.
所以我们最后一次来研究弥尔顿选择的，田园诗流派里的古怪和特性。
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To speak of shepherds and shepherding in a pastoral poem seems almost invariably to be a strategy or a way to speak of poets and their craft of poetry.
在田园诗里描绘牧羊人,看起来是一种固定不变的策略或者方式,用以描述诗人和他们的造诣。
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It's a poem deeply invested in the tradition of pastoral poetry, pastoral poetry from Theocritus and Virgil onward.
这是一首深深植根于从忒俄克里托斯和维吉尔时代，不断发展而来的田园诗的传统中的诗。
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Poets begin their careers with easy pastoral poems, but Virgil's speaker says that he is more ambitious now.
这些诗人在职业生涯初期创作一些简单的田园诗，但是维吉尔的叙述者称说，他现在更有抱负了。
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Milton was the only Cambridge poet to honor Edward King in that memorial anthology by writing a poem in the pastoral mode.
弥尔顿是那本纪念诗选里唯一一个,写田园诗追悼爱德华金的剑桥诗人。
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Milton is essentially inheriting both of these traditions, both of these sets of associations with pastoral poetry.
弥尔顿实质上继承了这两种传统，这两种与田园诗之间千丝万缕的联系。
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And so it seemed a natural move for early Christian writers to use this existing pastoral form when they wanted to speak on subject of priests or ministers or affairs of the church.
于是用现存的田园诗来谈论,关于牧师或教堂事务的话题,成了早期基督派作家非常自然的转变。
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One of the motives for his selection of this genre, the pastoral genre, is the tradition -and it's a tradition that goes all the way back to Theocritus and Virgil -that associates shepherds with poets.
他选择这个流派的动力之一，就是田园诗是一种传统,是一种可以追溯到忒俄克里托斯和维吉尔时代的传统,它把牧羊人和诗人紧密相连。
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The pastoral genre in fact even for Theocritus, its inventor, was always highly artificial.
甚至对于忒奥克里托斯，它的创始者来说，田园诗，也一直都是人工雕凿的。
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It's almost as if the entire point of a pastoral is that it is set in a world that neither the urbane poet nor the urbane reader has actually any real experience with.
似乎田园诗的全部意义就在于它的背景设在田园,而不管是都市诗人还是都市读者,都没有任何实际的田园经历。
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The speech of Saint Peter seems, I think, in a lot of ways to be a lot more like a fire and brimstone sermon than it is a passage in a pastoral poem.
我认为圣彼得的演说，在很多方面似乎很像是一场关于炼狱磨难的布道,而不是田园诗中的一段。
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This is the vocation of poetry in this pastoral lexicon.
在田园诗范畴内诗的职业就是牧羊。
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After the long sway of Theocritus' and Virgil's pastorals, ; of course Christianity entered the scene,a new dispensation; and Christianity began to load this pastoral literary tradition with its own set of associations.
在维吉尔等两人对田园诗的长久统治之后，基督教义作为新的统治思想兴起了;,并且开始以它自身的一套体系,附在田园诗的文学传统之上。
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He has taken it from one of the pastoral poems of Virgil.
他是从维吉尔的一首田园诗中借鉴的。
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It engages the ancient art of pastoral poetry initiated and made famous by the great Greek poet Theocritus, which was later imitated by Moscus and then finally by the Roman poet Virgil in his celebrated pastoral eclogues.
它沿用了古老的田园诗艺术,田园文学是由希腊伟大诗人忒奥克里托斯创始并发扬开来的，后来为摩斯科斯所模仿，最终,罗马诗人维吉尔的著名田园诗也是模仿的此诗体。
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Milton asks the Sicilian muse -- this is the muse of pastoral poetry - asks the muse to help him strew the flowers over the hearse, to strew with flowers the casket in which Lycidas' body lies.
弥尔顿让西西里缪斯--掌管田园诗的缪斯,-帮他将花撒在灵车上，将花撒在装有利西达斯尸体的棺材上。
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pastor The word pastoral comes from the Latin pastor, which literally means "shepherd," and Milton knew perfectly well how artificial his use of the pastoral mode of poetry would seem as well as how out of fashion, how completely outdated, it would seem.
这个词来源于拉丁语中的，字面上表示“牧羊人“,弥尔顿非常清楚他对这种田园诗的运用,看起来有多么的不自然，过时，多么的落伍。
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