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Because it was in the 1950's or so, maybe the late 1940's, that people started to discover lithium, even though it had no natural function, it did do something in our bodies.
因为在二十世纪五十年代左右，可能是四十年代末期，人们开始发现锂，尽管不参与人体的正常生理活动，但是它确实会对我们的身体产生影响。
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Then we're going to talk about two physiological systems just briefly, where cell communication sort of dominates the behavior of the organ.
然后我将简要地讲到两个生理系统,主要是讲细胞通讯控制器官活动的方式
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And this is no surprise if what we are is the workings of our physical brains, but it is extremely difficult to explain if one is a dualist.
如果我们的本质就是生理大脑的活动,那这也就没什么可惊奇的,但对于二元论者来说,解释这些却是非常困难的
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So a vaccine is designed in order to engage that biology, in order to provide antigens that will stimulate specifically your immune system.
所以疫苗的作用就是参与这个生理活动,提供抗原 来刺激你的免疫系统
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Because of that, in order to efficient function, then you group all the like activities together.
所以,为了使各种生理功能更加高效化,你就得把各种相似的生命活动分在一起
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We know physical objects can do complicated and interesting things.
我们知道生理客体,是能够完成复杂且有趣的活动的
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And what a case like this, where somebody is in a coma, is without consciousness as a result of damage to the brain, is a stark illustration of the physical nature of mental life.
想象一下这样的情况,某人正陷于昏迷之中,由于脑部损伤而失去了意识,这是心理活动的生理属性毫无修饰的图解
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The physical basis for everything that we normally hold dear, like free will, consciousness, morality and emotions, and that's what we'll begin the course with, talking about how a physical thing can give rise to mental life.
我们所拥有的一切的生理基础,如自由意志,意识,道德和情绪,我们的课程将会以此作为开始,讨论生理的东西如何能产生心理活动
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Somebody who hold a--held a dualist view that said that what we do and what we decide and what we think and what we want are all have nothing to do with the physical world, would be embarrassed by the fact that the brain seems to correspond in intricate and elaborate ways to our mental life.
持二元论观点的人们认为,我们的所做所为,我们的决策,我们的思考,我们的欲求,全部都与生理客体无关,二元论被,大脑与心理活动拥有复杂且紧密联系,的事实所否定
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