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If you were to make that change you would find that the molecule now has completely different biological and chemical properties.
如果要做出这样的变化,你会发现,分子的生物形状,和化学性质完全改变了。
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That's one of the beauties of proteins as working molecules is that their structure can be changed by subtle means.
蛋白质作为一种生物活性分子,其优势之一是,能够通过精细的方法改变其结构
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if we have a very electronegative atom within a certain molecule, what you'll actually find is that it does affect how the molecule is going to take place or take part in different chemical or biological reactions.
如果在某个分子中有一个电负性很高的原子，你会发现它确实会影响到,这个分子所起的作用,在不同的化学反应或者生物反应中时。
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It's the sort of thing that we can put on a scale and prod with a stick and the biologists can study, presumably made up of various kinds of molecules, atoms and so forth. So we've got the body.
这是一种我们可以称重,可被棍打,可被生物学家研究的东西,想必是由不计其数的分子,原子等构成,于是我们有了肉体
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You go on and you study developmental biology or molecular biology, you'll learn more about these things.
如果你继续学习,发育生物学或者分子生物学,你就会了解更多这方面的知识
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Botox is an injection of a molecule, or a complex molecule but a molecule, so in what ways would that be Biomedical Engineering?
肉毒杆菌素是一种注射用分子,或者说是一种复杂的分子,但它只是一种分子,它与生物医学工程有怎样的联系呢
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This diagram at the top here is a very familiar one to most of you, it's sometimes called the central dogma of molecular biology.
顶部这个示意图,对大家来说都非常熟悉,这叫做分子生物学的中心法则
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A lot of the examples that we're going to give you in terms of trying out your Lewis structures will be molecule that are used in organic synthesis, or maybe they're molecules that react in interesting ways with biomolecules in your body or proteins in your body.
很多我们将要用来,训练路易斯结构的例子,都是在有机合成中用到的分子，也有可能是那些在你体内的生物分子,或者蛋白质中发生有趣反应的分子。
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So maybe you could figure out how to use what we know about molecular biology, to engineer a new virus that's still immunogenic, but not pathogenic any longer.
也许你能指出如何使用,分子生物学的有关知识,来设计一个既能产生免疫性,但又不再有致病性的新病毒
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Now, I've highlighted three of these in blue here, imaging, mechanics, and biomolecular engineering because if you go on to study Biomedical Engineering here at Yale anyway, these are the things that you might pick to emphasize on.
我把这三条用蓝色字强调出来,影像学,生物机械学,和生物分子工程,如果你们继续在耶鲁学习生物医学工程,这些内容是你们必须重点掌握的
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We'll talk about a field which is growing now called biomolecular engineering and that is the design of biomaterials or new materials that can be implanted in the body, it's new ways of drug delivery.
我们也会讲到现在正在发展的一个领域,叫做生物分子工程,该领域主要研究可植入人体的,生物材料或新材料,它将是新的给药途径
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It's really been a powerful tool in molecular biology because I might have a very small copy of a gene that I'm interested in and I can make enough copies that I can start to do something else with it.
这确实是分子生物学的一项利器,因为我可能只有,很少量的感兴趣的基因拷贝,而我可以马上制造出足够数量的复制品,能使我用作其他用途
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One of the reasons why you would want to segregate things into certain regions is that molecules have to move in order to accomplish these things; molecules have to move from one place to another.
将细胞功能定位于某个固定区域的,另一个原因是,生物大分子需要移动,以完成某些功能,分子从一个地方移动到另一个地方
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All you have to do is mutate the DNA, which is very straightforward to do in molecular biology, and now you can tag absolutely any protein that you're interested in.
你所需要做的就是使DNA变异，这在分子生物学力是很容易做到的，你可以用它标记,任何你感兴趣的蛋白质。
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So, I'll start with my colleague, Professor Joanne Stubbe. She studies molecules, in particular she studies biological molecules.
我将从我的同事Joanne，Stubbe教授说起，她主要研究分子，特别是生物分子。
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If you can interfere with any stage in RNA processing you can stop a gene from being expressed and this is a very hot topic in molecular biology now and human therapeutics.
如果你能干扰RNA加工的任何一个阶段,你就能阻止一段基因的表达,这也是当今分子生物学,和新型疗法中非常热门的话题
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That's why molecular biology, one of the reasons why it's turned out to be such a powerful tool, because if you can think creatively you can find all different ways to using these very simple principles to recombine molecules, to make unique new DNA sequences.
这就是分子生物学,如此有用的原因之一,因为如果你有创造力,你可以用各种方法,运用这些简单的原理来重组分子,创造独特的DNA新序列
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