They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.

结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's biological engines, right. Things that either produce or consume biological fuel to do different sorts of processes. Also, of course of key importance to understand what the, in that case, biological thermodynamics are.

但不只是我们制造的引擎,生物引擎也是如此,它们产生或消费生物燃料,来完成不同的过程，当然，这也是理解生物热力学的关键所在。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.

很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We sense food coming in, that sets into gear a series of metabolic and biological processes that are very interesting, and then of course once the food gets in the body it does lots of interesting things-- some good things and some bad things.

美食当前,食指大动,身体从而启动一系列新陈代谢过程,和有趣的生物过程,而且,当食物进入身体,它就产生许多有趣的效应,这些效应有好有坏

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So maybe you could figure out how to use what we know about molecular biology, to engineer a new virus that's still immunogenic, but not pathogenic any longer.

也许你能指出如何使用,分子生物学的有关知识,来设计一个既能产生免疫性,但又不再有致病性的新病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选