It started not really as a planned system not planned by any government.

出于经验才产生的机构,它并不是在一个计划好了的系统中生成的。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

In terms of function they're very important because this stem cell which is produced goes back into the population of stem cells and is able to repeat this process to form new committed progenitor cells and to form new stem cells.

但就功能而言这些干细胞则至关重要,因为这类分裂产生的子细胞,依然是干细胞,可以再次重复上述步骤,生成新的定向祖细胞,和新的干细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, these Th-cells, helper T-cells, go on to stimulate B-cells, and it's these B-cells that become the mature antibody producing cells that make quantities of antibody that fill up in your body.

这些辅助性T细胞,进一步刺激B淋巴细胞,从而使这些B淋巴细胞,逐渐发育成成熟的抗体生成细胞,可在体内产生大量抗体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.

所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选