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You could run the reaction, take solid iron gaseous oxygen, form iron oxide, measure the heat of formation of it, tabulate it.
你可以进行一个反应,用固态铁和氧气生成氧化铁，测量它的生成热，列成表格。
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But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
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For example, if I isolated this one called the myeloid cell, it's capable of forming red blood cells, megakaryocytes and neutrophils.
比如,如果我分离出一个髓系细胞,它就能生成红细胞,巨核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞
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- And because I'm writing out a string that's the same length -- -- my strings aren't getting shorter -- it's creating this illusion of some animation.
因为我写了一个长度相同的字符串-,我的字符串不会变的更短-,它生成一个动画幻觉。
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And we can just extrapolate in a straight line We before saw some examples where I had an algorithm to generate points, and we fit a curve to it, used the curve to predict future points and discovered it was nowhere close.
我们可以干脆用一条直线来描述它,我们之前看到在一些例子中,我用一个算法去生成一些点，然后用一条曲线对它进行拟合，然后用这条曲线来预测未来的点,最后却发现结果完全不对。
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It started not really as a planned system not planned by any government.
出于经验才产生的机构,它并不是在一个计划好了的系统中生成的。
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It takes energy, and this is how it's made.
生成它要吸收能量。
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The name of the molecule isn't important, but it's a molecule that stimulates the heart to produce new blood vessels around it.
这种分子的名字无关紧要,但要知道它能刺激,在病变血管周围生成新血管
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How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.
在反应物和生成物中，各有多少摩尔的气体？,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下，如果气体的总量,发生了变化，压强也会发生变化。
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It's a state function. If we know the enthalpy of the products minus the enthalpy of the reactants, right. It's a state function.
如果我们知道生成物的焓减,去反应物的焓的值,它是个态函数，原则上我们可以做到。
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It's capable of forming all these different cells but it's not capable of forming lymphocytes.
它能生成以上所有不同的细胞,但不能生成淋巴细胞
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Delta H of formation means the enthalpy of this compound minus the enthalpy of its constituent elements in their most stable state at room temperature and pressure.
生成焓就是这种组分,的焓减去它的所有组成元素,在室温和常压下处于,其最稳定的状态时的焓。
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And if I do that then I can find out the change in enthalpy of this reaction. It's just going to be the heat of formation of these three moles of water, minus the heat of formation of the iron oxide. OK.
我就能得到这个,反应的焓的变化,它就是三摩尔水,的生成热，减去氧化铁的,生成热，好。
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So it stimulates these myeloid cells to develop along this pathway.
它就是在髓细胞的发育过程中,发挥刺激生成作用的
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A reaction performed by one enzyme creates a product that stimulates another enzyme that creates a product, and stimulates another enzyme, and through this cascade of reactions you amplify and carry the signal forward.
一种酶催化生成的产物会活化另一种酶,而它催化的产物又能激活其他酶,催化反应生成另一种产物,通过这层层反应,信号被放大,并不断向前传递
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Erythropoietin, commonly called Epo and its function is to treat anemia because it stimulates blood cell production.
促红细胞素生成素,通常简称为EPO,它的作用是刺激红细胞生成,从而能够治疗贫血
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And your cells making transfer RNA, if they make a transfer RNA molecule that has here, they only put leucine at the other end.
你的细胞在生成tRNA的过程中,如果生成的tRNA序列是GAG,那它的另一端携带的就只能是亮氨酸
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So it turns out a really nice shortcut on most systems, oops, is to say if you have a file called hello.c and you wanna turn it into a program called hello, well, make hello just write in the command makeHello and it will do all of that for you automatically and hand you a program called hello.
就是寻找一种能在大多数系统上运行的更快捷的方式，哇！,也就是说，你有一个hello，c的文件,你想把它变成一个名为hello的程序，那么只需要敲入命令,它就会自动为你生成,一个hello程序。
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It's delta H of formation of the products minus delta H of formation of the reactants.
反应的△H是多少？,它就是生成物的生成焓减。
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It allows RNA to be made from a DNA template.
它催化从DNA模板生成RNA的过程
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