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Vallombrosa literally means "shady valley," and I think it recalls Galileo's shady place, Valdarno, another valley.
瓦隆布罗萨字面上的意思是“成荫的村庄“,我认为这使人想起了伽利略阴暗的处所，另一个村子，瓦尔达诺。
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near the Chateau de La Loire, quite, well, not far.
挨着卢瓦尔河谷城堡群，很近。
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Now Buckle is a forgotten name today, but at one time he was just about as famous as Oswald Spengler who wrote The Decline of the West.
现在巴克尔已经被人们淡忘了，但他曾和写《西方的没落》的,奥斯瓦尔德，斯宾格勒一样著名。
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Now, the most interesting one for our class the equation of state that's the most interesting, is the Van der Waals equation of state, developed by Mr. Van der Waals in 1873.
由范德瓦尔斯在1873年发展起来,这个方程的美妙之处，在于它只需要两个参数，下面我们来研究一下。
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This is a famous picture of Lee Harvey Oswald who was being assassinated by Jack Ruby.
这是李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德的著名照片,他被杰克谋杀。
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Read Thoreau's Walden. What's Thoreau up to?
读下梭罗的《瓦尔登》他的创作意图是什么
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And,so,instead of having where before you had something like one- hundred tolls you had to pay on the Loire River, if you're transporting some goods, they eliminate all those tolls, they try to create uniform weights and measures, and that'll take one-hundred years before that really works.
相对于从前,诸如你想,通过卢瓦尔河运输货物,你必须支付一百元的过路费,他们取消了所有此类收费,他们尝试建立统一的度量单位,这些想法在一百年之后才得以实现
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He returns us to the lowly perspective that Galileo had when he set up his telescope in that other valley, Valdarno, and it's this lowly vantage point that's beautiful in part because it's a fallen perspective, not in spite of the fact that it's a fallen perspective.
他让我们回到伽利略和他在另一个村庄,瓦尔达诺设置望远镜的较低的层面，这个低下的认为这个层面存在美感的观点,是因为这是一个堕落的观点，而不是因为堕落的事实。
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But for the van der Waal's gas, now it's going to be different.
但是对于范德瓦尔斯气体，情况就不一样了。
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OK, so let's take our Van der Waal's gas.
好的，让我们看看范德瓦尔斯气体。
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When Thoreau sits on his little stool outside his cabin at Walden Pond and he hears the train go by over the ridge, and he puts his hands over his ears he doesn't want to hear it-- he's representing something.
在瓦尔登湖的木屋外,梭罗坐在他的小凳子上,他听到火车的声音穿越桥梁,他捂住了耳朵,他一点也不想听到这个声音,他代表着某种想法
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Let's look at a van der Waal's gas.
考虑范德瓦尔斯气体。
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OK, so we're going to see this using a Van der Waal's gas. Let's look at a Van der Waal's gas and see what happens in the Van der Waal's gas. Any questions, first?
好的，我们接下来看看,用范德瓦尔斯气体,让我们看看范德瓦尔斯气体,并且研究它的性质？
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Or, if we know the equation of state from a model, ideal gas, van der Waal's gas, whatever, u now we can determine u.
或者如果我们知道模型的状态方程,比如理想气体，范德瓦尔斯气体，无论什么，我们就可以利用状态方程得到内能。
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But,basically,the news was always given by people with a northern accent, either a Loire Valley accent, and they're very proud, they think they speak the best French, but a Parisian accent.
但基本上,新闻往往是由,有着北方口音的人播报的,这些人要么来自卢瓦尔河谷,他们对自己的出身引以为荣,认为自己法语说的最棒,而不是巴黎人
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And the beauty of that equation of state is that it only relies on two parameters.
范德瓦尔斯方程,先把结果写出来。
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So from measured equation of state data, or from a model like the ideal gas or the van der Waal's gas or another equation of state you know this.
所以，从测量的到的状态方程的数据，或者从状态方程模型比如理想气体方程,范德瓦尔斯方程或者其他状态方程,我们就可以知道。
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So again, if you do a calculation where you're close enough to the ideal gas and you need to design your, if you have an engineer designing something that's got a bunch of gases around, this is a useful thing to use.
要研究近似理想气体的表现时,这个方程非常有用,下面再来看一个，对我们来说最有意思的,实际气体状态方程：,范德瓦尔斯方程。
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Remember the equation of state for Van der pV=nRT Waal's gas is not pV is equal to nRT, but p plus the attraction term.
记住范德瓦尔斯气体的状态,方程不是，而是p加上一个吸引项。
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Minus p, right? But in fact, if you go back to the van der Waal's equation of state b here's RT over v minus b.
再减去p，对吗，但是实际上，如果你代回范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程,这里是RT除以摩尔体积减去。
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