And that brings me to my final point about our Hobbesian civilization that conceals from us a very uncomfortable truth.
接下来我要讲的,是霍布斯现代文明观的最后一个观点,它将把一个残酷的现实呈现在我们面前。
If you want to really understand this in a practical sense, it's more as though these guys are hired hands.
用更现代点的观点来解读,他们更像是雇农
Ideas like this, as I say, are taken from the aesthetic and practical thinking about the nature of the work of art that one finds in Modernism.
这种观点,来自对,现代主义作品美学和实际的考虑。
So inspiration,contrary to modern assumptions was not the criteria you hear ancient people talk about.
所以与现代观点相反,神启性不是古代人的考虑标准。
As with almost all of the issues of contemporary and political struggle in the seventeenth century, Milton's own views really pull decidedly to the left, to the progressive end of the political spectrum.
和17世纪几乎所有的现代的,政治斗争相伴的是,弥尔顿的观点果断的偏向了左翼,偏向了政治图谱的革新分子一方。
Now research has shown that to be the case.
现代研究已经证实了这一观点
Now, one of the points I made last week, for those of you who were here, is that one of the themes that ties European history together is the growth of the modern state, of state-making.
上节课来了的人可能记得,我谈到一个观点,现代国家的形成和民族国家的构建,是联系欧洲历史的一个主题
This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
There is no definition of goodness for this modern approach, no definition of happiness.
在这种现代观点中是没有善恶,没有悲喜的定义的
Foucault couldn't possibly allow for that because plainly the whole texture of their discourse would be undermined by introducing the notion that it's okay to be a master, and yet Ricoeur feels that these figures dominate modern thought as masters.
福柯不会认同因为,这样的话他们话语的整个结构就会被破坏,如果引入可以作为大师的观点的话,同时,里克尔感觉这些人支配着现代大师的思想。
Well, that's not the way it is with the modern world and that's not the way it comes out of the enlightenment, the individual is the ultimate.
这和现代世界的观点不同,和启蒙时期的思想成就不同,他们认为个人利益至上
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