The "parable of the talents" rewards hard work and investment; and it's satisfying because it does that, but it also instills an anxiety about non-productivity.
才能的寓言“奖励努力工作和投资的人;,这很令人满意,但同时它也会造成关于无生产力的忧虑。
The "parable of the vineyard" assures us that God rewards us regardless of our hard work and investment, but only if we're called, only if God chooses us.
葡萄园的寓言“使我们确信,无论我们是否努力工作都会得到上帝的奖励,但除非上帝选择了我们。
And again, you don't teach an animal to play Ping-Pong by waiting for it to play Ping-Pong and then rewarding it.
同样,你并不能通过等待动物打乒乓球,然后给其奖励,来使动物学会打乒乓球。
Lastly, there will be very often a list of blessings for the party who obeys, and curses for the party that violates the pact.
最后,通常都是对遵守约定的一方,有什么样的奖励,而对违反的人会有什么样的诅咒。
If it suddenly goes up right after they're issued you kind of suspect that something is screwy here.
但如果在公司公布奖励之后股价就马上升高,这不禁让人怀疑其中有些猫腻
Sorry, I should reward you. Thank you for that statement. Anybody have an opposing opinion? Everybody's answering these things and sitting way up at the back. Nice catch. Yeah.
一边倒的辩论啊,抱歉,我该给你奖励来着,多谢你的观点,还有人有反对意见么?
In terms of the benefits of the spoils of government versus the cost of running, it's a wash for Claire Elise, whether she enters or not.
从利益角度来看,政府的奖励对参选的成本,对克莱尔·伊莉斯来说它是零,无论她参不参选
Okay. This is a first walk through some essential ideas.
好,这样我们就奖励一遍基本概念了。
When we look at their brain and the same task, we are getting the same behavior that making the same amount of money, we see very little activation in this area.
在进行行为和奖励相同的试验时,我们观察到,他们的大脑在这一区域里很少出现活动。
Just a little incentive.
这是一种奖励。
One year we actually had something like forty-two people signed up, and the course was much bigger, and we thought they all thought they were getting a free prize or something for signing up, there were so many of them.
有一年还真有,大概四十二个学生选了这课,那课堂大多了,当时我们觉得那些学生,是不是觉得选课能有奖励还是什么的,总之人特别多
You wait for the pig to do something that's halfway close to dancing, like stumbling, and you reward it.
你等到猪的动作有点像跳舞,比如它摇摇晃晃的,你就奖励它。
So, imagine the pig has a heavy collar and to reward the pig for walking forward you might remove the heavy collar.
所以,想象这头猪带着很重的项圈,作为对这头猪向前走的奖励,你可以把项圈拿掉。
The problem that's been revealed in finance literature is that there's an uncanny tendency for the stock price to go up after the company awards large quantities of options to its executives.
但一些金融文献中提到这样一个问题,即出现了一种诡异的趋势,一旦公司奖励了大量的股票期权给,公司管理层,之后股价就会上升
So, if you want to expand the notion of reward or reinforcement to anything, then it's true.
将奖励或强化的概念,扩展到任何事物上,都是正确的。
And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.
通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。
So this could be summarized as the law of effect, which is a tendency to perform an action's increased if rewarded, weakened if it's not.
这种行为上的变化被称之为效果律,也就是说,行为倾向随奖励而增加,随惩罚而减少。
The difference between ratio is a reward every certain number of times somebody does something.
比率强化意思是,间隔一定比例才给予奖励。
When it comes to humans, the notions of reward and punishment and so on that Skinner tried to extend to humans are so vague it's not science anymore.
说到人类,那些斯金纳试图应用于人类身上的,奖励和惩罚之类的概念,定义太过模糊,所以不能再当做科学来看待。
And you could use that rewarding quality in order to train it.
你可以利用这种奖励的性质来训练它。
So the reward helps, but the reward is in no sense necessary.
因此,奖励有所帮助,但并非必须。
Rather, you reward approximations to it.
相反,你需要对接近行为进行奖励。
And he gets a drop of juice.
它得到一滴果汁作为奖励。
The other half you don't reward.
另一组就不给奖励。
So, if your dog gives you-- if your dog, I don't know, dances for an hour straight, that would be an interval thing.
如果你的狗-,每当你的狗连续跳舞一小时,你才会奖励它,那这就是时间强化。
So for instance, institutions like mental institutions and some prisons have installed token economies where there's rewards for good behavior, often poker chips of a sort.
比如像精神病院和监狱这样的机构,都引入了代币法,来奖励良好行为,这些代币通常是扑克筹码一类的东西。
Then it does something else that's even closer to dancing and you reward it.
之后,等他的动作更像是跳舞的时候,你再奖励它。
And so, rewarding children has a danger, which is if you give them too much reward and too much a value for what they're doing they will denigrate the activity.
所以奖励孩子是有隐患的,如果你给他们太多奖励,赋予他们的活动太多价值,他们就会贬低这个活动。
In fact though, the children who you reward later on think that this activity has less value and they are less likely to do it when there's no reward present.
但事实上,拿到奖励的孩子会想,这个活动的价值变低了,如果没有奖励,他们就不太可能会再做。
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