These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.

这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A reaction performed by one enzyme creates a product that stimulates another enzyme that creates a product, and stimulates another enzyme, and through this cascade of reactions you amplify and carry the signal forward.

一种酶催化生成的产物会活化另一种酶,而它催化的产物又能激活其他酶,催化反应生成另一种产物,通过这层层反应,信号被放大,并不断向前传递

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are 100 of these molecules, when a receptor gets activated a kinase activity gets activated, the kinase acts on the protein, the protein gets switched on, something new starts to happen inside the cell.

有一百个这样的分子,当受体被激活,激酶被激活后,激酶作用于蛋白,使蛋白活化,细胞中就会发生一些新变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选