When this animal makes milk, it makes all the normal milk proteins, but it also activates your gene of interest as well.

那么当这一后代泌乳的时候,它不仅表达出自身正常的奶蛋白质,也激活了目的基因的表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, if this kinase happens to turn this protein on then you would like to have a mechanism to turn it off as well.

那么在激酶激活蛋白质后,你会希望有一种方法能够使它失活

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Then it will stay activated for some period of time, and eventually disappear again.

它在某一时间段保持激活状态,最后消失得无影无踪

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is, maybe, the strangest because the ligand that stimulates the receptor is produced by the cell itself; so sometimes cells make signals that they receive.

它可能是最奇特的,因为激活受体的配体,是由细胞自身产生的,有时细胞产生让自己接受的信号

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A reaction performed by one enzyme creates a product that stimulates another enzyme that creates a product, and stimulates another enzyme, and through this cascade of reactions you amplify and carry the signal forward.

一种酶催化生成的产物会活化另一种酶,而它催化的产物又能激活其他酶,催化反应生成另一种产物,通过这层层反应,信号被放大,并不断向前传递

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It can also happen in other ways, it could be a G-protein coupled receptor which we talked about last time, which indirectly activates another ion channel to start the electrical signal.

还可以有其他方式,可以通过G蛋白偶联受体,这我们上次谈过,它可以间接激活,另一个离子通道以开启电信号

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选