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These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.
这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化
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The cell is going to experience something different inside because both receptors were activated instead of just one.
细胞内部将经历不同的生理过程,因为是两种受体被激活而不是一种
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We've identified many drugs that stimulate insulin receptors, for example, but they're not exactly insulin, and those can potentially be used as agonist type drugs.
我们已经设计了很多,能够激活胰岛素受体的药物,但它们都不是和胰岛素分毫不差的,但都可以用作激动剂类药物
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It gets enhanced because when insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it activates the receptor.
这种增强效应来自于,胰岛素与胰岛素受体结合后,就激活了该受体
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This is, maybe, the strangest because the ligand that stimulates the receptor is produced by the cell itself; so sometimes cells make signals that they receive.
它可能是最奇特的,因为激活受体的配体,是由细胞自身产生的,有时细胞产生让自己接受的信号
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Another receptor eventually activates a phosphatase, that phosphatase now turns the protein off.
另一部分受体激活了磷酸酶,磷酸酶使这些蛋白失活
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The more the receptor gets activated the more feedback it gets to activate.
受体被激活的程度越高,产生的反馈效应就越强
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Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.
很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应
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So, these are receptors, for example, that bind the ligand and then liberate an enzyme which promotes some sort of reaction inside the cell, often it's kinases but doesn't have to be.
例如,这里是受体,与配体相结合,激活一种酶,这种酶能够催化细胞内的某些反应,这些酶通常都是激酶,但不全是
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There are 100 of these molecules, when a receptor gets activated a kinase activity gets activated, the kinase acts on the protein, the protein gets switched on, something new starts to happen inside the cell.
有一百个这样的分子,当受体被激活,激酶被激活后,激酶作用于蛋白,使蛋白活化,细胞中就会发生一些新变化
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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.
当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白
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It can also happen in other ways, it could be a G-protein coupled receptor which we talked about last time, which indirectly activates another ion channel to start the electrical signal.
还可以有其他方式,可以通过G蛋白偶联受体,这我们上次谈过,它可以间接激活,另一个离子通道以开启电信号
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It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.
这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来
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If another receptor operating from a different ligand does the same thing, generates an enzyme which causes cyclic AMP to increase, the rate of cyclic AMP increase is going to go up faster than if only one of these was activated.
如果受另一种配体激活的受体,能够完成相同的过程,即激活一种能够促进cAMP生成的酶,cAMP的生成速率会比,只有其中之一被激活时更加快
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