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Sometimes subtle changes in the structure of a protein can convert it from an active state into an inactive state.
有时蛋白质结构上一些很小的变化,就能将其由激活态转变为非激活态
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What I want you to remember is that specific sub-populations of cells get activated, the activation results in a specific response.
我希望你们记住的是,一些特定的细胞亚群受到刺激时,被激活细胞将引起特定的应答
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The memory bank, in turn, activates the electronic circuits; the window closes, the door opens, hopefully the cat comes in, and the automatic telephone goes into action; right?
内存条，轮流地，激活电子电路，关闭窗子，打开门，希望猫进来，自动电话开始行动，对不？
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Studies using imaging techniques like CAT scans, PET, and fMRI, illustrate that different parts of the brain are active during different parts of mental life.
应用电脑断层扫描,正电子发射断层扫描,以及功能性核磁共振成像,等成像技术的研究,表明不同的心理活动,会导致不同大脑区域的激活
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This is something poetry can activate and draw upon.
这是诗歌可激活和利用的。
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So, this pathway might not be the only one that's being activated inside the cell at any given time.
因此,任一时刻细胞内,激活的信号通路不只是一条
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These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.
这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化
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Kinases can, in many cases, serve as a mechanism for switching a protein on or switching a protein off.
激酶能够,在很多情况下,能够激活一种蛋白或者关闭一种蛋白
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When this animal makes milk, it makes all the normal milk proteins, but it also activates your gene of interest as well.
那么当这一后代泌乳的时候,它不仅表达出自身正常的奶蛋白质,也激活了目的基因的表达
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You then denature again, each one of these strands gets separated, primers bind, turn on the polymerase, a new strand is made.
然后你可以再次使产物链变性,使各链解旋,再结合引物,激活聚合酶,再生成新链
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So this gene is going to be turned on in the sheep when it makes milk, under conditions where it makes milk.
这段基因会被激活,这段基因会在羊制造乳汁时被激活
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They might have different ligands which stimulate them, but once they're stimulated they work the same way.
尽管激活它们的配体有所不同,但一旦被激活的话,接下来的机制就一样了
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We now know what the scientific basis of that is, it involves activation of our immune system.
我们都知道这样做的科学依据,这牵涉到激活你的免疫系统
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So, that process happens fast but you also need this neurotransmitter release and activation to happen fast so that you can have rapid activity.
所以 电传递过程很快,但你仍需要神经递质的,快速释放和快速激活,以便使你快速活跃起来
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Well, if this kinase happens to turn this protein on then you would like to have a mechanism to turn it off as well.
那么在激酶激活蛋白质后,你会希望有一种方法能够使它失活
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For example, what if I activated this cell by encouraging it to produce this particular ligand?
如果促使细胞产生这种特定的配体,以此来激活细胞 会出现什么结果
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the difference between seeing words, hearing words, reading words and generating words can correspond to different aspects of what part of your brain is active.
看到词句,听到词句,阅读词句,创造词句,这些不同的活动,会激活你不同的大脑区域
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So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.
所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活
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We've identified many drugs that stimulate insulin receptors, for example, but they're not exactly insulin, and those can potentially be used as agonist type drugs.
我们已经设计了很多,能够激活胰岛素受体的药物,但它们都不是和胰岛素分毫不差的,但都可以用作激动剂类药物
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Basically, you're introducing this gene into cells that when you give the right inactive drug that will cause the cell to make chemicals that kill it.
概括来说,当你把这个自杀基因导入,含有特定未激活药物的细胞时,二者作用就使细胞生成了,可以杀死自己的化合物
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Another receptor eventually activates a phosphatase, that phosphatase now turns the protein off.
另一部分受体激活了磷酸酶,磷酸酶使这些蛋白失活
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The antibodies they make are all specific to the antigen that stimulated them.
它们制造的抗体,对激活它们的抗原来说都是特异性的
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Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.
很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应
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The cell is going to experience something different inside because both receptors were activated instead of just one.
细胞内部将经历不同的生理过程,因为是两种受体被激活而不是一种
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What happens when that recognition takes place is that your immune system gets activated, and the activation that happens usually involves two things.
当识别进行时会发生什么呢,那时免疫系统会激活,免疫系统的激活通常包含两个过程
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So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
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Because if it was a neurotransmitter activated ion channel, what would happen when the neurotransmitter bound here?
因为假如这是一个,神经递质激活的离子通道,当神经递质结合于此的时候,会发生些什么呢
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An example is production of certain molecules called cytokines by T-cells that activate themselves.
细胞能分泌这类叫做细胞因子的分子,实现自激活
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They're sometimes called transcription factors and this is an example of a transcription factor that is itself activated or turned on by the presence of a steroid.
它们被称为转录因子,转录因子的一个例子就是,能够自激活或被激素激活
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These are automatically activated when we come into contact with individuals.
在我们和别人接触时,它们会被自动激活。
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