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So this unique temperature and unique pressure defines a triple point everywhere, and that's a great reference point.
这样，无论在何处,三相点都具有相同的温度和压强,十分适合来作参考点。
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It sounds pretty silly, but it's really important because it allows you to define a thermometer and temperature.
这听起来相当白痴，但是它确实很重要,因为它让你可以定义,温度计和温度。
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Well, if you get the combustion chamber hot enough, in point of fact, there are some reactions between nitrogen and the oxygen.
如果燃烧室的温度足够高的话，实际上在氮气和氧气之间,会发生一些反应。
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So temperature in Fahrenheit maybe with a space, just to get the aesthetics to look a little interesting.
华氏温度可能用一个间隔来，使其更加美观和有趣。
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Virtue is to be fought for and raced for, not without dust and heat.
美德是要竞争和奋斗的，没有痕迹和温度。
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On the other hand, temperature, volume and pressure are variables that are much easier in the lab to keep constant.
另一方面，温度，体积和压强,在实验室中比较容易保持恒定。
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We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?
对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？
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OK, now what we'd like to do is be able to calculate any of these quantities in terms of temperature, pressure, volume properties.
现在我们想要做的是能够利用,温度，压强和体积的性质,计算上面的物理量。
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Now, we saw before, or really I should say we accepted before, that for an ideal gas, u was a function of temperature only.
我们已经看到,或者说我们已经接受这样一个事实，即理想气体的内能只和温度有关。
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You need a functional form that connects the value at one state of matter, the freezing point of water to another phase change, the boiling point of water.
你需要一个函数形式来,连接物质某个态对应的温度值，如水的冰点，和另一个相变,如水的沸点。
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And you already saw last time there was this relationship between the temperature and volume changes along an adiabatic path.
是条绝热路径，而上次你已经看到,沿着绝热路径温度和体积,的变化有这个关系。
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Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.
但是，在这些条件下，这些物理量，如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下，我们仍然可以计算。
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For instance, the pressure and the temperature, or the volume and the pressure.
比如压强和温度，或体积和压强。
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It's a state function, so we're at constant temperature and pressure, and now we want to consider some chemical change or a phase transition or you name it.
这就是态函数，我们处于恒定的温度和压强之下，然后考虑某些化学变化或者相变,或者你想考虑的东西。
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And so, again, we see a temperature increase, and we know the work, and the temperature increase, it's a constant pressure thing.
好，我们看到温度升高了，然后我们有做功量和温度的升高量，这是一个恒定压力下的值。
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All right, next time we're going to talk about a much better scale, which is the ideal gas thermometer and how we get to the Kelvin scale.
好，下次我们,会讲一种好得多的温标，关于理想气体温度计,和开氏温标的导出。
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And you can find these compressibility factors in tables. If you want to know the compressibility factors for water, for steam, at a certain pressure and temperature, you go to a table and you find it.
各种气体的压缩系数,想知道水或者水蒸气,在某个温度和压强下的，压缩系数，查表就行了，这是实际气体状态方程的。
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All right, so now we have the makings of a good thermometer and a good temperature scale.
这一常数只决定于温度,于是我们现在,可以定义一个理想的温度计和温标了。
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Because so much of what we do in chemistry does take place with constant temperature and pressure.
因为化学中我们所做的很多东西,都是在恒定的温度和压强下进行的。
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Heat capacity relates the amount of heat that you add to the system to the change in temperature, and this is the relationship.
热容联系起给系统提供的,热量和温度的变化，关系式是这样的：
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There's our condition for equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure.
这就是我们在,恒定温度和压强下的平衡条件。
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Avogadro was a professor of chemistry at the University of Turin who did a lot of work on gas laws, understanding the number of gas particles in a given volume at a given temperature.
阿伏加德罗是一个化学教授,在都灵大学,他做了很多关于气体定律的研究，了解气体微粒,在特定的容量和温度下的数目。
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OK, you use the ideal gas law, etc., then you get a relationship that connects the pressure and the temperature, like here we got a relationship that connected the temperatures and the volumes together.
我们会得到，一个联系初末态,的压强和温度的，关系式,就像这个联系过程中。
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This is going to be the connect, what connects the pressures and the temperature.
这就是联系初末，态压强和温度的关系式。
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SdT This has minus T dS minus S dT, but the dT part is zero because we're at constant temperature.
这一项包含负的Tds和，但是dT的部分等于零,因为温度为常数。
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Similarly for G as a function of temperature and pressure, I can go through the same procedure.
同样的G作为,温度和压强的函数，我可以采用相同的步骤。
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And where does that happen, At what temperature and pressure and so forth.
在什么温度，和压强下。
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If I'm working under conditions of constant temperature and volume, that's very useful.
如果在恒定的温度和体积下,进行一个过程，这是非常方便的。
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Eventually we want the same relationship in the pressure and volume.
我们需要的是,压强和温度间的关系。
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It relates the pressure, volume, and temperature together.
它把压强，体积，和温度联系在一起。
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