That means that this temperature right here is the absolute lowest temperature you can go to that physically makes any sense.

是物理上不可能的状态,也就是说这一点,对应的温度是物理上。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now, the coefficient that relates the amount of heat in to the temperature change is obviously going to be different for these two cases.

在这两个例子中,很显然联系热量和温度变化的系数,是不一样的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So that you could see that for the ideal gas, u would not be a function of volume, but only of temperature.

所以我们可以看到对理想气体，内能不依赖于体积，而仅仅是温度的函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We know it has to big anyway, since we can extract heat from it without changing the temperature.

我们知道它必须很大，因为我们得从中提取热量,但不改变它的温度。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now, you can have a change of temperature without any heat being involved.

不进行热量传递也可以改变温度,想象有一个热绝缘的盒子。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But now, so this is where the refrigeration comes in. So if you take a gas, and you're below the inversion temperature and you make it go through this irreversible process, the gas comes out colder from that side than that side.

这就是冰箱的原理,如果在低于转变温度,的情况下我们将气体经过,这个不可逆过程,气体出来的温度将比这边低。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I won't end up at the same temperature.

但不结束在相同的温度。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If I look at different points in my container during that path, I'm going to have to use a different value of pressure or different value of temperature That's not an equilibrium state, and that process turns out then to be an irreversible process.

如果我要研究在路径中容器里的,不同的点，我就得在容器里不同的点上使用,不同的压强值,或不同的温度值,实际上这不是个平衡态，这个过程是,不可逆过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.

末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So enthalpy, for an ideal gas, only cares about temperature.

只和温度有关，压力已经与不重要了，所以这里与p无关。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

V2 And there's going to be some volume V2 and some volume V1, but are not necessarily the same. Especially since the pressures are different. we don't know yet about temperature so I don't know what to say about these volumes because I don't know what the temperatures' are going to do.

这里的体积会变成2,这里的容积是V1，它们不必相等,尤其是当压力不相等的时候,我们还不知道温度,所以我不能说这里的容积,是多少因为我不知道,温度会怎样变化。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选