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That means that this temperature right here is the absolute lowest temperature you can go to that physically makes any sense.
是物理上不可能的状态,也就是说这一点,对应的温度是物理上。
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It tells you what kind of molecule it is andgives you twovariables that are state variables You could have the volume and the temperature.
告诉你它是哪种分子,还给你了两个状态变量,它们可以是体积或温度。
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Well that process of control to maintain a constant environment inside our body, whether it's an environment of constant mass or constant composition, or constant temperature, is called homeostasis.
这个控制过程维持着,体内环境的恒定,不论是内环境中物质的量的稳定,或者成分的稳定,或温度的稳定,这种状态叫做内稳态
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And that will end up winning out at basically any realistic temperature where the stuff really is a gas.
在体系仍然处于气体状态的温度下,熵战胜了能量。
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V2 So, if one goes to two and V1 goes to V2, and it's constant temperature, just what we've specified there.
如果状态1变到状态1并且体积从V1到，同时温度保持不变，这就是我们这里要讨论的问题。
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So, you assign values to very specific states of matter and call those the reference points for your temperature. For instance, freezing of water or boiling of water, the standard ones.
那么你对物质的,某些特殊状态指定数值,把它们叫做你的温度的参考点,比如水的冰点或沸点,它们都是标准。
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We've done temperature, equations of state.
温度以及状态方程的概念。
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If I then put it back into its original condition, lower the heat say, temperature back to body temperature and reduce the pH down to seven again, the molecules will re-nature.
假如我把烧杯的温度恢复到初始状态,降低温度,温度降低到体温,将pH值降低到七,这些分子会复性
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There's a volume, there's a temperature, than the pressure here. There's other volume, temperature and pressure here, corresponding to this system here.
温度等状态函数有本质区别，这个状态有一组，确定的体积，温度与压强。
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V So this nR over V. And then, using the relation again, T we can just write this as p over T.
恒定温度下的dp/dT等于nR除以，再次利用状态方程，可以把它写成p除以。
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But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.
但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。
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