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But I was a really good programmer and I wanted to understand the consumer side of the Internet.
但我是个很好的程序设计师,我想了解互联网关于消费者的一面。
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It was just a buildup of consumer expectations, you know, people were expecting more
就是给消费者预期制造舆论，人们期望更多。
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So, no one was really excited to build the product or build the tool and they weren't consumers of the tool.
所以，没人真正为造出产品或工具而感到兴奋,因为他们不是这个工具的消费者。
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They enforced complete sharing and if you belonged to a kibbutz you were completely stuck with the common consumption.
强迫人们绝对共享,如果你是某个集体农场的一员,就彻底受到共同消费的制约。
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So in the summer of 2001, we decided to switch gear from a backend technology provider to a front-end consumer-oriented search service.
于是在2001年夏，公司决定从后台技术提供者,转变为直接面向消费者的搜索服务提供方。
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Our society is those people. They are the citizens, they are the consumers, and they are the workforce.
社会是有人组成的，他们便是公民，他们是消费者，他们是生产力，那么我们应该。
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It amounts to 2 to 3% of calories for the average consumer, and as I mentioned, Trans fats are not so good.
平均每位消费者,有2-3%的热量来自反式脂肪,正如我所说,反式脂肪不那么好
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It's like you want passion for technology but you need passion for customers, and you got to get kind of the Yin and Yang.
就像你想要对技术的热情,但是却需要对消费者的热情，这又有点像阴阳之间的抉择。
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We're going to assume that consumers are evenly spread along this city.
我们假设,消费者均匀分布在这个城市中
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or you live at a very high cost, very high standards, high cost living,
要么你就过高消费高质量的生活，
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of the bill in restaurants or in taxis or in bars.
在其酒店费用、出租车费或者酒吧消费的基础之上。
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It's the amount that people spend on consumption goods, things that you buy for your current use, like food, shelter, clothing, etc.
它是人们购买消费品所花费的总额，为每日生活所买的东西，比如食物，住宿，衣物等。
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It was a consumer podcasting company.
这是个消费者播客公司。
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If you wanted to have a real frame, then you would index to the consumer price index or some other inflation index.
如果你想以实物框架理念来看的话，你就得将消费物价指数或者,其它通胀指数考虑在内。
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Every country computes an estimate of how much is spent each year on consumption by the people who live in the country.
每个国家估算出,生活在该国国内居民,每年的消费额。
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If I consume less than my income today, I'm saving and my consumption would be lower this year.
如果我花的比赚的少,我在储蓄,今年的消费就会较少
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Passion for technology and customer you always dealing with even from the time you're a tiny startup.
对技术和消费者的热情是,从创业期就需要衡量的问题。
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So in a sense the fact that there's a more critical screen, there's more of a careful thought process, the fact that customers are pickier with their money today, all of that really is a chance to make people better.
所以实际上，如果环境更为挑剔，人们的构思过程就会更为严谨细致，现在的消费者花每一分钱都精打细算，这其中产生的是让人们生活的更好的商机。
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They're both deflated by the Consumer Price Index or, in the case of the UK, the Retail Price Index to give us a real home price.
两地指数均扣除了消费者价格指数,谈到伦敦房价,零售物价指数能够反映实际房价
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You can see that in the early 1950s mortgage debt was only something like 25% of personal consumption expenditure, but now it's up to about 100%.
抵押贷款在20世纪50年代,只占个人消费支出的25%,现在却占到几乎100%
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We'll assume that each consumer buys one and only one product.
我们假设每个消费着买且只买一个产品
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What they argued in this paper was that, if we had perfect risk management, then there would be perfect correlation of consumption across countries because if we get rid of the idiosyncratic risks, then all that's left is planet-wide risks.
他们在论文中的观点是，如果我们有完善的风险管理,那在不同国家之间的消费呈完全相关,因为如果我们消除了特有风险，那只剩下全球范围内的市场风险。
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.. The problem is again the ideal-- they're trying to work toward what I think of an ideal that we see in finance-- 1 mainly, the perfect correlation of consumption and the elimination of risk--we all help each other.
问题又回到了理想-,他们为之奋斗的这种理想状态,如果用金融学的理念来解读-,就是消费与风险消除的相关系数为,即完全正相关，所有人都互助互利。
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So it's a tough economy and you'd say, "Well geez, I want to do a startup. Is there going to be an investment out there? Well geez, I want to sell to customers and they're going to need to buy equipment to do things, or geez I want to appeal to advertisers, and there's got to be a consumer demand out there."
因此经济愈发不景气，你们会说“天哪，我想要卷土重来,会有人给我投资吗？,我想向人们出售产品,他们会需要买些设备来做事的，哦天哪，我想向广告商招标，总会有消费者需求的“
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Now, it raises lots of interesting issues if a company does that and then boasts about it on the packaging or in marketing, because then people could overestimate how good those products are for them, so a lot of consumer education has to be done.
现在如果一个公司改进之后,在其包装,或市场上大肆宣扬,会引发许多争议,因为人们可能因此高估了,这些食品对其健康起到的作用,可见消费者应该对此有更多了解
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Now there was inflation with regard to a basket of the Consumer Price Index is not just the price of gold; it's the price of many things but the there would be inflation or deflation as the relative price of gold changed.
现在，就一组物品来说，是存在通货膨胀的,消费者价格指数并不仅仅是金子的价格；,它是很多东西的价格，但是,当金子的相对价格变化时,通货膨胀或通货紧缩就会发生。
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So let's think about a particular consumer, so suppose this consumer is here, at point Y say.
让我们来考察一个特定的消费者,假设这个消费者在这,在Y点
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even just to go out and eat at restaurant is very expensive here.
房价非常高，餐厅的消费也高。
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And we find there's lots of consumer surplus because the prices are really as low as they ever could be.
并且我们发现有很多消费者剩余,因为价格已经不能再低
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