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OK, now what I want to do is just describe a little bit of how do you measure all this stuff, right?
好，现在我要做的就是,介绍一下怎样来测量这些东西？
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You could run the reaction, take solid iron gaseous oxygen, form iron oxide, measure the heat of formation of it, tabulate it.
你可以进行一个反应,用固态铁和氧气生成氧化铁，测量它的生成热，列成表格。
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Again they've just done that experiment and seen the effects of that on the point measurement with the whole pro.
通过实验,他们便能看到其效果,通过在整个过程中,对点的测量。
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We know that charge is equal to the integral of current times the time. And he knows the current, he knows how much time and then he weighs this.
我们知道电量等于电流,对时间的积分，他知道电流，他也知道时间，然后他测量这个。
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And we develop methods to measure the visually responsive parts of cortex and how the world is mapped onto the brain.
我们开发出一些方法，来测量大脑皮层的视觉反应部分,以及外界的事物如何绘制与大脑当中。
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When we measure EKG's, what we're measuring is the activity of all these cells within our heart performing action potentials.
当我们做心电图的时候,我们所测量的是心脏内能发出,动作电位的细胞的活动状态
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If you were to just talk into an oscilloscope that measured your sound vibrations, there are no pauses between the words.
如果你对着,测量声震的示波器讲话,你会发现在单词间并没有停顿
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So there are tests for a lot of different things, and those have been major advances in science and health.
针对不同东西都有测量方式,那些是科学和健康上的重大进步
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The second piece of information we need to know is what actually the kinetic energy is of the ejected electron, and that's something we can just measure by measuring its velocity.
其次，我们需要知道的信息是,出射电子的动能，这可以通过,测量它们的速度得到。
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She measured the distance between the bones in the finger, because when we get older, the space becomes smaller-- they become tighter.
她测量指骨间的距离，人越老，骨骼间空隙变得越小-,指骨变得更紧。
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We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?
对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？
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So he grabbed his thermometer, and went and made a couple of measurements and discovered the first law of thermodynamics.
所以他拿来了温度计，进行测量,后来就发现了热力学第一定律。
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The whole thing's going to come to some new equilibrium temperature between the products and the oil or whatever's around it, and we're going to measure that.
生成物和周围的油或,别的什么东西之间,达到某种新的平衡态，我们要测量的就是这个。
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But if you touch the valve going into your tire which basically measures the temperature of the air going into your tire, that is getting hot, right.
以至于浑身发热,如果你摸气筒的阀门,相当于近似测量了进入轮胎的气体的温度，它会很热，对吧。
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Over the last couple of years, we can get reasonable measurements of human activities that were hidden from us.
在过去的几年中，人类能够通过适当的方式去测量人的大脑,在以前我们根本无法做到。
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As we said, Newtonian mechanics does work in most cases, it does work when we're discussing things that we can see, it does work even on things that are too small to measure.
在大部分情况下都适用,对我们可以看到的东西,它都能适用，甚至对一些小到,无法测量的东西它也可以适用。
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Well, this is in a stationary orbit so we need to have a standing wave. Not to scale.
在静止的轨道中,我们需要的是驻波，不是要去测量。
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Since that time, PES we've been able to actually measure these bond strengths by PES, photoelectron spectroscopy.
自从那时，我们就能够用,测量键的强度，光电子能谱。
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And many people rightfully so questioned the veracity, the value of these questionnaires, because it is subjective-- ? are we measuring something real?
很多人置疑问卷的，真实性和价值，因为它是主观的-,我们是在测量真实的东西吗？
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They're actively engaged in the material, actually seeing the phenomena, by making measurements of real world experiments.
学生们能自主地参与到物质中，看见真切的现象，通过对真实世界实验,做出测量。
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So, zeroth law, then, allows you to define the concept of temperature and the measurement of temperature through a thermometer.
因此第零定律，使你可以定义温度的概念,以及通过温度计,测量温度的方法。
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I mean we can, we can sort of understand why OK, the total energy, if we measure it, we measure a process which is not reversible.
例如我们易于理解为什么，当试图测量一个不可逆系统的总能量，给出的或许。
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Well, if I go through that, the wavelength of such a photon is going to be so big that I am back to measuring the dimension of the human hair with the yardstick.
好的，如果我做完了这个，那个一光子的的波长将成为,我将回头测量的,用一个尺度测量出人头发的尺寸。
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So we're just subtracting, in effect, zero, right, from the enthalpy of the product, but of course it's important have that established because the heat of formation is something you could measure, right?
所以从效果上说，我们只是，从生成物的焓中减去了零，但，是确立这一点很重要,因为生成热是,你能测量的东西，对吧？
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You know, if you want to measure the potential energy of something in a gravitational field, you have to define the zero somewhere, right, because it's arbitrary. You can set it anywhere you want. It's the same with enthalpy.
你知道，如果你想测量重力场,中某种东西的势能，你需要，在某处定义一个零点，对吧？,因为势能的值是任意的,你可以把它设定在。
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Just to refresh our memories, we looked at the average valence electron energy as a measure of reactivity.
重新回顾一下我们记忆，我们看了平均价电子能,能用来测量反应性。
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Charge is quantized. And, secondly,he was able to measure the value of the elemental charge.
电荷是量子化的，第二，他能,测量出电荷基本的量值。
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Well, I can, for any given case, measure the pressure, determine the entropy and I'll know what the slope of change will be.
好的，对特定的情况，我可以测量压强，确定熵,并且知道这就是变化的速率。
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And, subsequently, we looked at photoelectron spectroscopy which is a technique that allows us to determine binding energies, ionization energies being just one example.
随后，我们看了光电子谱,这是一种只用一个样品,能够测量结合能，离子化能的技术。
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When we do experiments, each group of three has an experimental setup to measure the phenomenon.
当我们做实验的时候，每个三人小组建立实验设备,来测量观察的现象。
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