Now, the Boyars, in the 1660s and the 1670s, some of them began to learn Latin and Polish.

在15世纪60和70年代,那些波维尔们,波维尔中的一些人开始学拉丁语和波兰语

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Now, there are only about 200-300 Boyar families.

那时只有两三百个波维尔家族

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, in all of this, what he does is he makes, to use an expression that I've already used before in the context of absolutism, he makes the Boyars, while he's building his navy and expanding Russia, he makes the Boyar junior partners in absolutism.

所以,通过所有的这些事情,用我之前用过的一个词来形容,他使得波维尔们,当他在建海军和扩张领土时,他使得波维尔贵族臣服在他的绝对权威之下

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选