-
Our friend Schr?dinger told us that if you solve for the wave function, this is what the probability densities look like.
我们的朋友薛定谔告诉我们,如果你用波函数来解决，你就会知道这些概率密度看上去的样子。
-
And the solution to this equation looks like this where it is written in terms of a quantity called a wavefunction.
这个方程的解法是,看起来像是写成数学符号就是,波函数。
-
We can talk about the wave function squared, the probability density, or we can talk about the radial probability distribution.
我们可以讨论它,波函数的平方，概率密度，或者可以考虑它的径向概率分布。
-
We started talking about these on Wednesday, and what we're going to start with is considering specifically the wave functions for multi-electron atoms.
我们从周三开始讨论这些，而且我们将要以特别地考虑,多电子原子的波函数,为开始。
-
There's no classical analogy that explains oh, this is what you can kind of picture when you picture a wave function.
可以解释：,哦，这就是，你想象的,波函数的样子啊。
-
It looks like just about everyone is able to go from the name of an orbital to the state function.
看来基本上大家都能从一个,给出的轨道名字得到它的波函数了。
-
So we saw that our lowest, 1 0 0 our ground state wave function is 1, 0, 0.
我们看到最低的，或者基态波函数是。
-
So when you operate on the wave function, what you end up with is getting the binding energy of the electron, and the wave function back out.
所以当你将它作用于波函数时，你得到的是电子的结合能,和后面的波函数。
-
But we can also think when we're talking about wave function squared, what we're really talking about is the probability density, right, the probability in some volume.
波函数平方,的时候，我们说的，是概率密度，对吧,是在某些体积内的概率，但我们有办法。
-
And the person we have to thank for actually giving us this more concrete way to think about what a wave function squared is is Max Born here.
需要感谢，马克思，波恩,给了我们，这个波函数平方的,具体解释，事实上。
-
And when we take the wave function and square it, that's going to be equal to the probability density of finding an electron at some point in your atom.
当我们把波函数平方时，就等于在某处,找到一个电子的概率密度。
-
If we overlay what the actual molecular orbital is on top of it, what you see is that in the center you end up cancelling out the wave function entirely.
如果我们把真实的分子轨道覆盖在上面，你可以看到中间的,波函数是完全抵消掉了。
-
So, we're talking about wave functions and we know that means orbitals, but this is -- probably the better way to think about is the physical interpretation of the wave function.
我们讨论波函数而且,我们知道它代表着轨道，但-也许更好的思考方法是,考虑波函数的物理意义。
-
So, for example, if we were looking at the actual wave function, we would say that these parts here have a positive amplitude, and in here we have a negative amplitude.
我们看，一个波函数,我们说，它这部分幅值，为正,这部分幅值为负，当我们看。
-
Remember this is our bond axis here, and you can see there is this area where the wave function is equal to zero all along that plane, that's a nodal plane.
记住这是我们的键轴，你可以看到在这些区域,波函数在这个面内全都是零，这是节点面。
-
We can't actually go ahead and derive this equation of the wave function squared, because no one ever derived it, it's just an interpretation, but it's an interpretation that works essentially perfectly.
从这个方程中,导出，波函数的平方，没有人可以这样做，这仅仅是一种解释，但这种解释，能解释的很好，自从它第一次被提出来之后。
-
Ever since this was first proposed, there has never been any observations that do not coincide with the idea, that did not match the fact that the probability density is equal to the wave function squared.
从未有，任何观测，与它相抵触,从没有过，波函数的平方不等于,概率密度的情况，关于马克思，波恩。
-
All right. So let's look at some of these wave functions and make sure that we know how to name all of them in terms of orbitals and not just in terms of their numbers.
好，让我们来看一下,这些波函数,并确定我们都知道,怎么用轨道,而不仅是量子数来命名它们,一旦我们可以命名它们。
-
We can do the exact same thing when we talk about lithium, but now instead of breaking it up into two wave functions, we're breaking it up into three wave functions because we have three electrons.
在讨论锂时,我们也可以做，完全相同的事情,但不是把它分为两个波函数，而是分为三个波函数,因为我们有3个电子。
-
And first we discussed the fact that well, in terms of a classical analogy, we don't really have one for wave function, we can't really think of a way to picture wave function thinking in classical terms.
首先我们说了，波函数没有一个，经典的类比，我们不能想象一个,经典的波函数的图像。
-
You get these plots by taking the wave function times its complex conjugate and operating on that.
你也可以得到这些，通过波函数乘以,其共轭进行如上操作。
-
So we can go on and do this for any orbital or any state function that we would like to.
我们可以继续，对任何轨道,或任何波函数做，同样的事情。
-
The highest probability now is going to be along the x-axis, so that means we're going to have a positive wave function every place where x is positive.
概率最高的地方是沿着ｘ轴，这意味着只要在ｘ,大于零的地方波函数都是正的。
-
In contrast, if we're taking the wave function and describing it in terms of n, l, m sub l, and now also, the spin, what are we describing here?
相反，如果我们考虑一个波函数,然后用ｎ，ｌ，ｍ小标ｌ,还有自旋，我们描述的是什么？
-
And we can also write this in an even simpler form, which is what's called electron configuration, and this is just a shorthand notation for these electron wave functions.
而且我们也可以将它，写为一个更简单的形式，它叫做电子构型,这个仅仅是这些电子波函数的。
-
Since we're talking about wave functions, since we're talking about the properties of waves, we don't only have constructive interference, we can also imagine a case where we would have destructive interference.
因为我们讨论的是波函数，因为我们讨论的是波的性质，我们不仅有相长干涉，我们也可以想象在,某种情况下会有相消干涉。
-
So, first, if I point out when l equals 0, when we have an s orbital, what you see is that angular part of the wave function is equal to a constant.
首先，如果ｌ等于０,那就是ｓ轨道，你们可以看到,它波函数的角度部分是一个常数。
-
So we can do this essentially for any atom we want, we just have more and more wave functions that we're breaking it up to as we get to more and more electrons.
所以我们基本上对，任何一个原子都可以这么做,我们仅仅会有越来越多的波函数,因为我们将它分为越来越多的电子。
-
We looked at the wave functions, we know the other part of solving the Schrodinger equation is to solve for the binding energy of electrons to the nucleus, so let's take a look at those.
我们看过波函数，我们知道解,薛定谔方程的其他部分,就是解对于原子核的电子结合能，所以我们来看一看。
-
If you look in your book there's a whole table of different solutions to the Schrodinger equation for several different wave functions.
如果你们看书的话,上面有一整张,许多，不同波函数,薛定谔方程解的表。
应用推荐