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So these are forms of the experience of reading fiction of which Iser disapproves because there's no work being done.
这就是那些阅读小说经历的形式,伊瑟尔不赞同这种形式，因为这种阅读没有任何成就。
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I don't get... feel like everyone's kind of in a smaller confined area here and LA is... everyone's spread out, so.
我从没有过其他人这种感觉……他们觉得这是个小地方，而洛杉矶是非常广阔的。
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In fact, Gadamer even insists that if we don't have this phenomenon of being pulled up short, our reading is basically just solipsistic.
事实上，葛达玛甚至坚持,如果我们没有这种“突然停下“的经历，我们的阅读基本上仅仅是以自我为中心的。
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- The answer to that is definitely no -- if they had the same electron configuration, they would, in fact be neon. But we can think about different ions that have this electron configuration.
答案是绝对没有-,如果它们具有相同的电子排布，那么它们，实际上,将都是氖，但是我们可以想一想,有没有其它离子具有这种电子排布呢？
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Well at some level it is an ordered sequence of characters. Right? Now it is not represented this same way. You don't see strings inside these open parens and closed parens.
现在字符串不是用这种方式表达的,你没有看到字符串里有开括号闭括号,字符串中间也没有逗号,但是它有同样的属性。
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One of the arguments that he makes, and I can't make it as strongly because I don't know enough about it, is the scientific revolution.
拉布还有一个观点就是科技革命,我不敢完全认同这种说法,因为我对此没有太多了解
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People anchor to the information they were given, even though there's kind of no causality or no sort of reason why it should make any difference.
人们总是停留在他们已经被给予的信息上，即使他们之间没有因果关系,或者没有任何原因表明这种信息会有任何影响。
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There is no definition of goodness for this modern approach, no definition of happiness.
在这种现代观点中是没有善恶,没有悲喜的定义的
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All right, so it might be that again, the problem with enforcement, although actually in 1880 America, it's not clear that they couldn't have enforced that contract.
好的,但是我刚才说了强制性的问题,虽然说那是1880年的美国,当时这种合同是否违法没有明确的界定
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In fact for readers of Paradise Lost, and this has been an experience now for a few hundred years, it does often seem as if there were some mysterious life force, a pulsating through Milton's dense and driving lines of unrhymed, iambic pentameter.
实际上，《失乐园》的读者们，几百年来一直都有这种体验，确实，似乎真有一种神秘的生命力，一种脉搏，贯穿在弥尔顿密集，强劲，没有韵律，长短不一的五音步格诗之中。
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As I say, there are philosophers who've argued that way, have denied that we have free will and if we do conclude that we don't actually have free will, then we no longer have this argument for the existence of a soul.
有哲学家按照这种思路,否定了人有自由意志,如果我们由此得出,人没有自由意志这个结论,那么这个论证也不再,支持灵魂存在这个说法
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And there is no way to explain this phenomenon if you model the water as having particle-like properties.
没有其他的方法来解释这种现象,除非认为,水是一种具有粒子的性质。
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So, Newton did not ever tell you what the expression for force is in a given context.
牛顿从来也没有告诉过你,在这种情况下力的表达式
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I suppose what I'm really saying is that the word "hermeneutics" wasn't available, and the idea that there ought to be a sort of a systematic study of how we interpret things wasn't really current.
我想说的是“诠释学“这个词,不是一开始就有的，而应该系统地学习,如何解释事物,这种思想也当时也是没有的。
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So the way that we like to think of things now is in terms of electron configurations, right, but at the time that wasn't really understood.
当然我们现在思考,这些更喜欢采用电子排布的观点，但在当时还没有这种概念。
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We don't actually have much charge separation in this case here.
我们在这种情况下其实没有很多电荷分开。
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The idea is that if you spread risks they don't disappear, they're still there, but they're spread out over many people and the impact on any one person is reduced.
这种观念就是说如果你把风险分散...,风险仍然存在,并没有消失,但如果风险分散到许多人身上,那每一个人受到风险的冲击就会减少
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This would be good luck if you were long and now suddenly you got a huge return that you would not have thought was possible since you've never seen it before.
如果你长期持有这份投资,你就走运了,回报如此之高,你自己都没有料到,可能你也从来没有见过这种情况
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in such a way that after the rates were raised, they likely couldn't afford to pay the mortgage anymore or they'd be under great stress in trying to do so.
这种“引逗利率，以至于到后来他们没有能力偿还贷款,或者为了还贷给生活造成巨大压力。
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On the other hand, you don't need very much.
另一方面,也没有这种需要
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The kind of battle I've been describing to you, a nice flat field, two armies coming at each other, there's not much you can do in the way of trickery, and so you can take a high tone and say, anybody who fights any other way is a no good coward.
我向你们描述的这种战争,土地平坦开阔,两军对垒,没有多大机会使用奸计,所以你能大声地说,谁在战争中使奸就是胆小的懦夫
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We don't always want to go and solve the Schrodinger equation, and in fact, once we start talking about molecules, I can imagine none of you, as much as you love math or physics, want to be trying to solve this Schrodinger equation in that case either. So, what Lewis structures allow us to do is over 90% of the time be correct in terms of figuring out what the electron configuration is.
我们并不想每次都去解薛定谔方程，而且实际上，一旦我们开始讨论分子，我可以想象,你们中没有一个人，不管你有多么热爱数学或物理，会想去解这种情况下的薛定谔方程,总之，路易斯结构能让我们,有超过，90%，的概率判断出正确的,电子排布。
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So, for example, if we look at sodium channels, and sodium channels are some of the particularly prevalent ones when we're talking about neurons, if you think about the cell membrane, and this little green cartoon is me trying to show a sodium channel here, and in this case, you can see that it's closed, such that no ions are getting through.
比如，让我们来看一下钠离子通道，钠离子通道是我们会经常遇到的几个之一,在讨论神经元的时候，如果大家想想细胞膜，而这个绿色的小示意图就是我用来表示,钠离子通道的，在这种情况下，大家可以看到它是关闭的，因此没有离子可以通过。
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What he does is he takes this archaic state structure in which literally nothing had been written down.
他激进而彻底的变革改变了俄国陈旧的国家结构,这种陈旧的国家结构没有任何文献资料
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So the total number of shares is almost-- the tendency to do splits is a cultural thing; it's of no real significance.
所以股票总数几乎是个,这种分割的趋势是文化使然,没有实际的意义
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Now again, don't get carried away, I almost didn't talk about this whole message-passing paradigm, but it's so pervasive in the world I felt you needed to hear about it.
现在我基本上没有讲过这种消息传递的实例，但是你们需要了解它所以我觉得你得好好听,但是他不是什么很深奥的概念,如果你不想考虑消息的概念。
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So the influx of ions from the outside of the cell to the inside of And you can think of ion channels as being gated, by gated it means the gate can be closed and no ions are going through, as in this case here.
下面以离子从细胞外部流入内部,你可以把离子通道想象成是有闸门的，也就是说闸门可以关上,这时没有离子能通过，就像这种情况。
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