Things are not "made up" in Frost, "not made up" in the sense of imagined, called up out of thin air, like fairies and elves.

弗罗斯特的诗歌里没有编造，没有想象，像仙女和精灵那样的凭空想象。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

I think the answer may involve the possibility that at the beginning of the poem, there simply wasn't a clear distinction between the poet and the speaker.

答案可能包括了,在诗歌的开头,根本就没有一个清晰的区分的可能性。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

And he does the same thing, in fact, to those around him, famously to his lover, Maude Gonne, who becomes Helen of Troy in "No Second Troy"and in other poems.

他也这样表现他周围的人，著名的就要数他的爱人，昴德·冈昂，她在没有第二个特洛伊,和其他诗歌中化身为海伦。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

We don't refer--we have no reason to refer, - if we respect the autonomy of the poem as such, we don't refer-- we don't appeal to an authorial intention.

我们不能，我是说如果我们尊重，诗歌的意志自由的话，我们不能也没有理由-,为诗歌加上作者的意图。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

He also mentioned a poemby Rudyard Kipling called If. I didn't recognize what he was referring to immediately but I looked it up and it's a famous poem that you must have seen written in 1910 an inspirational poem.

他同时也提到了拉迪亚德？吉卜林的一首诗歌,名字叫做《如果》，我当时并没有迅速反应出,他到底指的是哪首诗，但是之后我查了一下发现,它是一首你肯定见过的著名的诗歌,写于1910年，一首启发性的诗。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It's here that Milton for no explicit, or no apparent, reason at all - it's here that he provides a little theoretical digression on the stunning flexibility of angelic bodies.

但在这他无缘无故的，没有任何明显原因的,-在这儿他脱离了诗歌主线,转而去描写天使身体惊人的灵活性。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

When there's a speaker of a poem who is not to be confused with the poet himself, there is typically a framing device.

当诗歌的演说人没有被诗歌自身困惑时,这里就有一种典型的框架。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Why doesn't -- this is one way of putting the question -why doesn't Apollo harass or bother Milton at the end of Lycidas in the same way that he harasses Milton at the poem's beginning?

为什么-这是提出问题的一种方式,为什么阿波罗没有在诗歌的最后以同样的方式,不断烦扰着弥尔顿呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Now in the first original poem that Milton wrote in English, titled "At a Vacation Exercise," Milton and you will come to recognize this as so unbelievably Miltonic Milton doesn't write about love or about death or about any of the subjects that typically engage the youngest practitioners of poetry.

现在，在弥尔顿的英语诗歌中，第一首原创诗的名字叫做假日练习,弥尔顿和你们都将认为这是难以置信的弥尔顿风格的诗,他没有写爱或死亡,或者任何,常常吸引年轻诗歌创作者的主题。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

In this respect, he seems to have followed Spenser -- Edmund Spenser, whose Faerie Queeneis in large part a tribute to the sacrament of marriage, although interestingly The Faerie Queene, the great Spenserian poem, never actually manages to feature a marriage between two human beings.

这样看来，他似乎是,秉承了斯宾塞--埃德蒙·斯宾塞，他的作品《仙后》,很大程度上来说是对婚姻圣礼的颂词，尽管有趣的是，《仙后》,这一伟大的斯宾塞体诗歌，从没有真正意义上,在两人的婚姻中发挥重要作用。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选