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And Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.
而泡利认为在一个给定的系统内,没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
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Yes. In fact, there is not enough energy in a single photon to go ahead and eject an electron from this zinc surface.
是的，事实上，这里的光子没有足够的能量,去从锌表面逐出一个电子。
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We have to account for that in some way because we know that they don't have identical average valence electron energies.
我们需要从一些方面来解释一下,因为我们都知道,他们没有相同的,平均价电子能。
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Let's forget about a letter, let's stick with an e-mail, or a text message.
就算你没有写过信，写电子邮件，发短信也算一种写作。
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So in this case, we don't have enough energy to eject an electron, so, an electron is not ejected.
所以在这种情况下，我们没有足够的能量,去逐出一个电子，这样没有电子被逐出。
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If a photon which has no mass can behave as a particle, does it follow then an electron which has mass can behave as a wave? 1920.
如果一个没有质量的光子,能像粒子一样运动，那么它能像一个,没有质量的电子那样以波的形式运动吗。
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I mean they take up a teeny bit but essentially when we're thinking about the set up of the atom, we don't have to account for them as using up a lot of the mass we're discussing.
所以我们可以假设电子没有质量,它们占据了，非常小的一部分,所以当我们考虑,原子的构造的时候,不用考虑它们的质量。
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Well, if it is a good electron donor in an electron transfer reaction, if the same element finds itself in a covalent bond, it is going to be a good electron donor, although it is not full transfer.
如果它是一个在电子反应中,的好捐赠者，如果相同电子发现他在共价电子里，它将成为一个好的捐赠者，虽然没有完全转换。
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Now the last thing is that because the neutron has no net charge, we can change neutron number.
现在，最后一件事是,因为中子没有净电子，我们可以改变中子数。
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The next thing that we want to do is figure out do we have any bonding electrons left.
下一步要做的是看看我们,还有没有剩下的成键电子。
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So, we see that the two h atoms separate have a certain energy that's lower than when the electron's not with the atom.
那么，我们看到两个分开的氢原子所具有的能量,比原子中没有电子时更低。
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It might not have any electrons in it, but it still exists, so you need to draw these into your molecular orbital diagram.
也许它里面没有电子，但它是存在的，所以你需要在分子轨道图里画出来。
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If we have too much gas in here, in other words, if the gas is at too high a pressure, the collisions with the gas molecules will consume the energy of the electrons and, again, we will see nothing.
假设这里有过多气体，换句话说，如果气体处在一个高压状态下，气体分子间的碰撞将会消耗,电子的能量，同样，什么也没有。
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I left out the noble gases here because they do something a little bit special, and actually, I'm going to give you one last clicker question today to see if you can tell me what you think noble gases do.
我并没有把稀有气体算在里面,因为它们的电子亲和能有点特别，实际上，我将会把这作为今天的,最后一个选择题，来请大家告诉我,你们觉得稀有气体电子亲和能应该是怎样的。
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- The answer to that is definitely no -- if they had the same electron configuration, they would, in fact be neon. But we can think about different ions that have this electron configuration.
答案是绝对没有-,如果它们具有相同的电子排布，那么它们，实际上,将都是氖，但是我们可以想一想,有没有其它离子具有这种电子排布呢？
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I want to point out that the zero energy is defined as when you have a naked proton -- where the electron has popped out -- that's what we've defined as zero energy up to this point when we're talking about single atoms.
我想指出，这里零点能的定义,是当我们只有一个裸露的质子,而没有电子时-,到目前为止对零点能一直采用这样的定义,当我们在讨论单个原子时。
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So if you flip the info page over on the back here, what you'll see is the periodic table, this is the same one that I've handed out in the last two lectures - the periodic table without any electron configurations.
将这张纸翻过来，你可以看到一个元素周期表，这与我们前两次课发过的,是一样的,-没有任何电子排布的周期表。
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We said that that second electron was so far out of the picture, that it had absolutely no affect on what the charge was felt by that first electron.
我们说第二个电子远离这张图片,这样它就彻底的对,第一个电子感觉到的电荷没有影响了,所以。
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Maybe not. It has no protons, so therefore, it has no electrons Because proton number equals electron number, which means if it has no protons 0 its atomic number is zero.
也可能不会，这个元素没有质子，因此，也没有电子,因为质子数等于电子数，意味着它没有质子,它的原子序数为。
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So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.
利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。
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There's no one person owning them, so they both have two electrons here that are bonding.
这里没有人欠对方，因此它们都有两个成键的电子。
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So the way that we like to think of things now is in terms of electron configurations, right, but at the time that wasn't really understood.
当然我们现在思考,这些更喜欢采用电子排布的观点，但在当时还没有这种概念。
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Since it has no electrons, it must be chemically inert.
因为它没有电子，所以具有化学惰性。
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So we see that we do not eject electrons in the case of the laser pointer, even if we have this intensity, it is still not related to the energy of an individual photon, so we won't see an effect.
所以我们看到我们用激光笔,还是没有逐出电子，即使我们有这样的强度，它仍然与一个单个的光子能量无关,所以我们不会看到光电效应。
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So, let's see how some of this works, and hopefully your counterparts from 100 years ago would also be able to think about how this works, even if they don't have the quantum mechanics behind the individual electron configurations for atoms.
那么，下面让我们来看一下它是怎么用的，希望一百年前想你们一样的同学,也能够弄懂它为什么能用，尽管他们没有量子力学,不知道原子的电子排布。
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Now, there are no electrons so there can be no electronic mail.
现在，它没有电子,所以就不会有电子邮件了。
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Electron transfer, we cannot live, we die without sodium chloride.
电子转移了，没有氯化钠我们不能生存。
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So we're not saying it's all the electron density, it's just 90%.
因此我们并没有说所有的电子密度，而是百分之九十。
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So what we're doing is filling in those eight electrons following the Aufbau principle, so our first electron is 1s going to go in the 1 s, and then we have no other options for other orbitals that are at that same energy, 1s so we put the second electron in the 1 s as well.
它会是什么样子呢,我们正在做的是将这8个电子按照奥弗,堡原理进行填充,所以我们第一个电子将会进入，然后我们没有其他的,轨道的选择在同一个能级，所以我们把第二个电子也放入。
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They are good electron donors because the electrons aren't tightly bound.
它们是很好的电子给体,因为电子没有被牢固地束缚。
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